regular, repeated actions or

states;

future timetables actions;

if-clauses in Conditionals 0 and I;

V1

/ V + (e)s

an event that is happening now;

an arrangement for the future;

am / is / are V + ing

when the agent is unknown,

unimportant or obvious from the

context.

am / is / are V3

an event that happened once

or several times during a period of

time up to now;

an event that has happened at

an unstated time in the past and

has an important result in

present

have / has V3

an action that started in the

past and continues up to now;

an unfi nished action in the past;

have / has been V + ing