100 Years War & Great Schism

WORLD HISTORY TEKS

•(4)(F) explain how the Crusades, the
Black Death, and the Hundred Years'
War contributed to the end of
medieval Europe

BELL RINGER

• Have you ever had instances where your mind
tells you, “just do it” or to “go for it, do it?” If
you have, do you listen to them and do they
produce good things?

100 YEARS’ WAR

1337-1453

CAUSES OF THE 100 YEARS’ WAR

• King Edward III of England refused to pay taxes to King Philip VI of France, so he

took Edward’s lands in France.

• Edward then declared himself as the actual King of France and not Philip.

• Edward’s uncle, Charles IV of France had been King but died in 1328 without a

direct male heir.

• Instead, King Philip VI was crowned King of France and tensions arose because

of this.

WAR ERUPTS

• The Hundred Years’ War was a series of short raids and few major battles.

• In almost every battle, the English were outnumbered.

• Example: France have over 50,000 soldiers in one battle versus England who

only had like about 32,000 soldiers.

BATTLES AND STATS

• Battle of Crecy: English won

• Battle of Poitiers: English won, French King Jean II captured

• Battle of Agincourt: English won, disastrous for French

• Battle of Orleans: French won

• Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc)

• Young French peasant girl, wore her hair short and dressed like a man.

Heard voices that told her to go assist the French to beat the English. Inspired many.

• Condemned by the English when captured and burned as a heretic in 1432.

Made a saint in France.

THE 100 YEARS’ WAR ENDS!

• In 1453 the French armies captured an English-held

fortress in Castillion.

• There was no official treaty, only a cessation of

hostilities.

Effects of the War

THE GREAT PAPAL SCHISM

1378-1471

WHAT STARTED IT?

• The seat of Papacy was moved from Rome, Italy to Avignon, France

in 1309.

• This caused a major outcry and protest from many Catholics

especially the Italians.

• Already, some critics of the Papacy were already saying that the

church was made up of Christians and not the supreme Pope.

EVENTS LEADING TO THE SCHISM

• Pope Gregory XI was stung by his critics that he decided to leave

new Papal seat in Avignon and return to Rome.

• Romans heard about this and insisted that a Roman or at least an

Italian Pope be elected. They selected Urban VI, an Italian to satisfy
them.

• Pope Urban VI ruled for the Roman Italians and mostly against the

French.

• Most Cardinals expected to gain important posts in the government

but Urban VI started taking away privileges and wealth.

• French Cardinals got upset and demanded Pope Urban VI resign.

He did not so the French decided to elect their own Pope, Clement
VII.

THE GREAT SCHISM BEGINS

POPE CLEMENT VII

•France

•Burgundy

•Scotland

•Castile

POPE URBAN VI

•England

•Italy

•Holy Roman Empire

•Poland

•Hungary

•Portugal

FINAL EVENTS OF THE SCHISM

• Each side excommunicated the other.

• A third Pope was elected!!! Alexander the V.

• Meeting after meeting until on true Pope would be elected.

• Great Schism is over!

EXIT TICKET

• How did the Great Schism (1378-1417) help to bringing about

an end to the Middle Ages in Western Europe?

A.
It greatly weakened the power and prestige of the Roman
Catholic Church.

B.
It prevented the Papacy from being moved from Rome to
Avignon, France.

C.
It led directly to a massive grain shortage, causing the
starvation of millions of peasants.

D.
It brought large numbers of European peasants under the
direct control of the Catholic Church.