Covalent and Ionic Bonds

As you learned in the Gizmos & Ed Puzzle, nonmetal atoms can share electrons.

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These are called Covalent Bonds.

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The outermost electrons in each atom are called?

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Covalent Bonds

The electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom are arranged into shells. The first shell contains up to two electrons and the second contains up to eight electrons. Most elements are stable when they have 8 valence electrons. ​

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Covalent Bonds

​In the Bohr model of the atom, electrons travel in defined circular orbits around the nucleus. ​

Bohr Model

Shows how the valence electrons are distributed around the atoms in a molecule. Shared pairs of electrons are drawn as lines bw atoms, while lone pairs of electrons are drawn as dots next to atoms. ​

Lewis Diagram

When 2 nonmetals do not share electrons evenly, the resulting covalent bond will be polar. Electrons are shared unevenly.

Like when you have to share oreos w/ your sibling and do not share evenly. : ) ​

Polar Covalent