11.4 Cardiovascular

• ​Heart murmurs

  valves do not close properly

• Valvular stenosis

  narrowed, stiff heart valve

• Mitral valve prolapse

  mitral valve does not fully close

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​Heart Valve Abnormalities

​Heart cannot pump blood

fluid backs up in (enlarged heart)

• lungs

• liver

• limbs

• gastrointestinal tract

Cardiomyopathy

Infection that weakens the heart muscle

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Heart Failure

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Aneurysms

• weakened artery bulges, may break

Coronary artery disease​​

• ischemia-plaque blockage

  a. atherosclerosis​- arteries

​Symptoms

• angina pectoris

​ chest pain

Artery Diseases

Myocardial infarction

• plaque blocks a cardiac artery

Treatment:

aspirin or ​Nitroglycerin as soon as symptoms appear

20–60 minute window for treatment ​

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Heart Attack

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​Hypertension

blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg

Peripheral vascular disease

lack of circulation in legs

Stroke

blockage of brain blood flow

ischemic stroke

hemorrhagic stroke

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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Heart Disease