5 Basic Reaction Discussed in Physical Science or Regular Chemistry

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Single Replacement (Displacement) A + BX --> B + AX

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​Double Replacement (Displacement) AX + BY --> AY + BX

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​Synthesis A + B --> C

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​Decomposition C --> A + B

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​Combustion Hydrocarbon + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water

​Combustion Reaction

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• Reaction of a substance with Oxygen O₂ (g)​

• ​Emits heat

​Hydrocarbon + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide and water

​ Carbon + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide

​ Hydrogen + Oxygen --> water

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​Hydrocarbon - Compound that contains Hydrogen and Carbon

​ Naming of Hydrocarbon

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​​Step 1) Name the number of carbons

​​1 - meth

​2 - eth

​3 - prop

​4 - but

​5 - penta

​6 - hex

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​WE DO!

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​1. C₂H₆

​2. C₃H₆

​3. C₄H₆

​4. C₅H₁₀

​5. C₈H₁₈

​ You Do!

We Do!

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Write the formula for the following:

​1. butane

​2. hexene

​3. methane

​4. ethyne

​5. heptane

​You Do!

​Go to Packet Pg 16 and Identify all reactions that are combustions. Balance.

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​Go to Packet Pg 19 and identify all reactions that will be combustions. Predict the product and balance.

​Synthesis Reaction A + B ---> C

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​Alkali Metal Reaction

1) group 1A reacts with a nonmetal halogens (vigorous)

​sodium metal + chlorine gas -->

​potassium metal + bromine gas -->

​Basic formula: 2M + X₂ --> 2MX

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​2) group 1A reacts with water

​sodium metal + water -->

​potassium metal + water -->

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​Basic formula: 2M(s) +2H₂)(l) --> 2M⁺(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) +H₂(g)

Synthesis A + B ---> C

​Halogen Reactions

​1) Halogens (group 7A) are among the most active nonmetals. React with many metals to metal halides:

​Lithium + Fluorine -->

​Magnesium + Chlorine -->

​Boron + Bromine -->

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​Basic Equation: 2M + nX₂ --> 2MX_n

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​2) Halogen (group 7A) halides reacting with hydrogen form Hydrogen halides

​hydrogen + fluorine -->

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​Basic Equation: H₂(g) + X₂(g) --> 2HXHalogen Reaction (covalent bond)

​3) Halogens also react with each other to form interhalogen compounds.

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​Br₂(l) + F₂(g) --> 2BrF

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​Covalent Bond

​Single Replacement (Displacement) A + BX --> AX + B

​ Oxidation Reduction Reaction OIL RIG

​Step 1: Check reactivity of metals to determine if reaction will actually occur.

​Al(s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) -->

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​Fe(s) + HBr(aq) -->

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​Pb(s) + H₃PO₄ -->

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​Pb + FeSO₄ -->

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​Ca + H₂O -->

​Double Replacement Reaction AX + BY --> AY + BX

​Precipitation Reaction (check solubility rules)

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​Neutralization Reaction - acid + base --> salt + water

​ (start with H) (end with OH)

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​1) Ba(OH)₂ (aq)+ HNO₃(aq) -->

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​2) Na₃PO₄ (aq) + AgNO₃ (aq) -->

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​3) H₂SO₃(aq) + KOH (aq) -->

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​4) NaCl(aq) + K₂CO₃ (aq) -->