Integumentary System

Describe the structure and functions of the parts of the Integumentary system

Intergumentary System

1. Epidermis – is the outer layer of the skin. It consists of epithelial cells that contains protein like called keratin. Keratin water proofs and protects the cells and tissues that lie underneath. The outer layer contains dead cells of the epidermis. The dead outer cells are constantly shed. You will notice that when you take a bath, some dead skins can be removed. Almost the entire layer of the skin cells shed and is lost each month. The epidermis acts as a barrier that protects the body from ultraviolet radiation, harmful chemicals, and pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Melanin absorbs light energy, which protects inner cells from damaging effect of ultraviolet rays from the sun.

2. Dermis- It is the second layer of the skin. It is directly beneath the epidermis. It is usually 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. Its consist of connective tissues that prevent the skin from tearing and enables the skin to return to its normal state after being stretched. The elasticity of the skin decreases as people ages its structure.

3. Hypodermis- It is the deepest section of the skin. This refers to the fat tissue below the dermis that insulates the body from cold temperatures and provides shock Absorption. Fat cells of the hypodermis also store nutrients and energy

4. Hairs and nails- Hair, toenails and fingernails are also part of the integumentary system. Hair and nails contain keratin and develop from epithelial cells. Hair cells grow out from the narrow cavities in the dermis called hair follicles. The nails act as a protective plate over the fingertips and toes. Hair serves many functions such as keeping the body warm. Nutrients like protein, iron, zinc, vitamin E, and biotin are needed for hair growth.

The skin is one of the first defense mechanisms in your immune system.