UNIT 4.4 AP MODERN WORLD HISTORY

It remained largely unchanged, with existing land-based empires dominating.

European ships connected continents, leading to a new global network.

Asian empires expanded their influence across the oceans.

The period saw a decline in maritime trade due to political instability.

Scientific curiosity, desire for peace, and cultural exchange.

Gold, God, and Glory.

Agricultural expansion, democratic ideals, and technological advancement.

Seeking new allies, spreading education, and establishing diplomatic ties.

Diplomatic alliances and cultural assimilation.

Economic partnerships and technological transfer.

Full-scale conquest and trading posts.

Religious conversion and resource sharing.

Yes

No

To promote free trade and open markets globally.

To maximize national wealth by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals.

To establish a global currency based on a single precious metal.

To encourage self-sufficiency in colonies, reducing reliance on the home country.

To establish free trade between nations.

To maximize national wealth through exports and precious metal accumulation.

To promote self-sufficiency in colonies.

To encourage industrial development in colonies.

It led to a period of unprecedented economic stability.

It caused one of the world's first major inflationary crises.

It resulted in a decrease in global trade.

It primarily benefited the colonial economies.

They were primarily voluntary and offered fair wages.

They were limited to specific regions and had a smaller scale.

They were characterized by a larger scale, racialized nature, and global reach.

They focused on skilled labor rather than raw material extraction.

Individuals were legally tied to the land they worked.

Individuals worked for a set period to pay off a debt for passage.

Individuals were considered property to be bought and sold, with no legal rights.

Individuals were free to work on their own land and choose their profession.