DNA Mutations

Substitution

Insertion

Deletion

Replication

UV light

Radiation

Water

Smoking

Silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence.

Missense mutations change the amino acid sequence.

Nonsense mutations result in a stop codon.

Frameshift mutations are a type of point mutation.

Silent mutation

Missense mutation

Nonsense mutation

Frameshift mutation

Deletion; it shifts the reading frame and changes the downstream sequence.

Insertion; it adds a new amino acid without affecting the reading frame.

Substitution; it only changes one amino acid.

Duplication; it repeats a section without shifting the frame.

Substitution, Insertion, Deletion

Replication, Translation, Transcription

Duplication, Translocation, Inversion

Addition, Multiplication, Division