The Crusades

European Christians and Muslim Turks

European Christians and Mongols

Muslim Turks and Mongols

European Christians and Vikings

Christians, Muslims, Jews; Christians: Jesus crucified and ascended, Muslims: Muhammad ascended, Jews: ancient temple of Solomon

Christians, Hindus, Jews; Christians: Jesus crucified and ascended, Hindus: birthplace of Krishna, Jews: ancient temple of Solomon

Muslims, Buddhists, Jews; Muslims: Muhammad ascended, Buddhists: Buddha meditated, Jews: ancient temple of Solomon

Christians, Muslims, Buddhists; Christians: Jesus crucified and ascended, Muslims: Muhammad ascended, Buddhists: Buddha meditated

Muslim Turks (Ottoman Turks); Constantinople

Christian Crusaders; Jerusalem

Mongol Empire; Baghdad

Vikings; Paris

He led the armies into battle himself.

He preached and encouraged people to join the Crusade.

He opposed the Crusades.

He negotiated peace with Muslim leaders.

Kings and the Church

Younger Sons

Knights

Peasants

To recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks

To expand trade routes to Asia

To convert Muslims to Christianity

To establish new kingdoms in Europe

Crusaders wore armor and rode horses

Crusaders used banners with crosses

Crusaders fought only on foot

Crusaders were led by Muslim leaders

The troops were well-prepared and had a clear strategy

The Crusaders captured Jerusalem and established four Crusader states

The Crusaders failed to capture Jerusalem

The Crusaders were led by Saladin

Richard the Lion Hearted

Henry VIII

Edward III

William the Conqueror

Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East

Europe learned much from the Muslims

Serfs found new opportunities

All of the above