Chemistry 101

• The Periodic Table is divided into groups and periods.

• Groups run up and down.

• Periods run side to side.

• REMEMBER: "The groups! The groups! The groups are in columns! The rows! The rows! The rows are periods!

• Groups are also called "families"

• REMEMBER*: Groups are in "columns!"

• Groups share common characteristics; i.e. All group 1 elements explode in water. All group 18 elements DON'T react.

• Fluorine and Chlorine are in the same GROUP (17), SO, they share the same PROPERTIES.

• Periods run in rows.

• Each period has the same number of electron shells. i.e. Hydrogen and Helium have 1 electron shell. Lithium and Boron have 2.

• This means each period has the same number of ENERGY LEVELS!

• Luster (shiny)

• Malleable (bends)

• Good conductor (moves heat & electricity)

• Luster (shiny)

• Brittle (breaks)

• Semi-conductor (kind of moves heat & electricity)

• Dull (not shiny)

• Brittle (breaks)

• Insulators (does not move heat & electricity)

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• Atoms are made of the subatomic particles.

• Protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom. The center of the atom is called the nucleus.

• Electrons move around the outside layer of the atom. This area is called the electron cloud

• Electrons are located on the outside of the atom.

• This area is referred to as the electron cloud or as orbits.

• The electrons have a negative charge and move around the nucleus.

​The molar mass of any element is the same number as the atomic mass on the periodic table.

​The molar mass is how many grams of the substance are in one mole of the substance. Its unit is g/mol.

All matter have properties.

The three basic states of matter