Expressed vs. Implied Powers of Congress

Form the foundation of federal government authority

Determine how laws are made and enforced

Create checks and balances in our government

Appoint Supreme Court justices

Implied

Expressed

Direct

Inherent

Enumerated powers are specifically listed in the Constitution, while implied powers are not but are considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers.

Implied powers are listed in the Constitution, while enumerated powers are not.

Both enumerated and implied powers are specifically listed in the Constitution.

Neither enumerated nor implied powers are mentioned in the Constitution.

Allows Congress to adapt to new situations

Helps government solve modern problems

Prevents the Constitution from becoming outdated

Limits Congress to only powers listed in the Constitution

If the end is legitimate and the means are appropriate

Only if the Constitution specifically lists the power

If the states agree to the action

If the President approves

Violate constitutional rights

Make laws against free speech

Establish a national religion

All of the above

Based on interpretation

Written in Constitution

Adapt to modern needs

Clear and specific