U5D5 Global and Local Wind Systems

Trade winds

Westerlies

Polar easterlies

Monsoons

It is caused by Earth's rotation and deflects moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

It is caused by differences in air pressure and moves wind from the poles to the equator.

It is the effect of gravity pulling objects toward the center of the Earth.

It is the warming of Earth's surface due to solar radiation.

Hadley cells involve air rising at the equator and sinking at ~30° latitude.

Ferrel cells involve air rising at ~60° latitude and sinking at ~30° latitude.

Polar cells involve air rising at ~60° latitude and sinking at the poles.

All atmospheric cells involve air rising at the poles.

Local geography

Temperature differences

Ocean currents

Earth's rotation only

Coastal areas receive more sunlight than inland areas.

Water's high heat capacity moderates temperature changes.

Land heats up faster than water but cools down slower.

Ocean currents only affect inland climates.

Land breeze occurs at night, blowing from land to sea.

Sea breeze occurs during the day, blowing from sea to land.

Both land and sea breezes are caused by temperature differences between land and water.

Land breeze occurs during the day, blowing from sea to land.

Differences in humidity

Differences in heat capacity

Differences in altitude

Differences in cloud cover

They cause air over land to always rise, regardless of time of day.

They create temperature and pressure gradients that reverse wind direction between day and night.

They have no effect on local wind patterns.

They only affect global wind patterns, not local ones.

Affect temperature

Bring moisture from water bodies

Create microclimates

Cause earthquakes

Because of the Earth's rotation and solar heating

Because of the shape of the continents

Because of the presence of oceans

Because of the Earth's magnetic field

Sea breezes occur during the day, land breezes at night

Both are caused by different heating rates of land and water

Sea breezes occur during the night, land breezes during the day

Both are caused by the Earth's rotation

They cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

They blow from west to east, disrupting trade routes

They consistently blow from east to west, aiding navigation and affecting ocean currents

They only affect local breezes, not global patterns