Bonding Basics

A substance made of only one element

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements

A mixture of different substances

A single atom with no bonds

Cation

Anion

Isotope

Molecule

+1

-1

Lithium will lose 1 electron to become stable.

Lithium forms a cation.

Lithium will gain 1 electron to become stable.

The oxidation number for lithium ion is 1+.

+5

-5

+3

-3

Ionic bonds form only between metals and nonmetals.

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another in ionic bonds.

Ionic bonds involve sharing of electrons.

Atoms become charged ions after gaining or losing electrons.

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton

Magnesium, Titanium, Lithium

Sodium, Chlorine, Potassium

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Group 1, because they have one valence electron.

Group 8A (noble gases), because they have full outer electron shells.

Group 2, because they are metals.

Group 7A, because they are halogens.

Metallic bonds have free moving electrons, ionic bonds transfer electrons, and covalent bonds share electrons.

Metallic bonds share electrons, ionic bonds have free moving electrons, and covalent bonds transfer electrons.

Metallic bonds transfer electrons, ionic bonds share electrons, and covalent bonds have free moving electrons.

All three types of bonds involve only sharing of electrons.

It becomes a cation (positive ion)

It becomes an anion (negative ion)

It becomes neutral

It gains energy