2.3 Cell Differentiation & 2.4 Cell Cycle

Totipotent

Pluripotent

Multipotent

Unipotent

Totipotent

Multipotent

Unipotent

Differentiated

all genes are turned on inside that cell

all genes are turned off inside that cell

different genes are turned on inside that cell

different genes are turned on or off inside that cell

Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 

Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 

Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 

A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

To create specialized cells to help organism maintain homeostasis.

To many cells.

To make stem cells

to make single celled organisms

They can divide rapidly

They are identical to all other cells in the organism

They have specific structures and functions

They are only found in cancerous cells

G1 phase

S phase

G2 phase

M phase

To align chromosomes during metaphase

To initiate cytokinesis in telophase

To prevent the shortening of telomeres in totipotent cells

To separate chromosomes during anaphase

RNA polymerase binds to DNA, builds mRNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

DNA polymerase binds to mRNA, builds DNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

RNA polymerase binds to mRNA, builds DNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

DNA polymerase binds to DNA, builds mRNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

Amino acids

Polypeptides

Nucleotides

Monosaccharides

mRNA binds to a ribosome to initiate translation.

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during elongation.

Polypeptide bonds form between amino acids to create a chain.

Transcription factors regulate protein folding.