Waffles WS
Presentation
•
Other
•
University
•
Practice Problem
•
Hard
A Clarkson
FREE Resource
13 Slides • 38 Questions
1
2
3
4
Multiple Choice
Before breakfast, which metabolic state was Waffles in?
Fasting
Starvation
Fed
Post-absorptive
5
Multiple Choice
After breakfast, which metabolic state will Waffles enter?
Fasting
Starvation
Fed
Post-absorptive
6
Multiple Choice
What happens in the fed state?
Blood glucose falls. Insulin declines, glucagon rises.
Blood glucose rises. Insulin increases. Glycogen increases.
7
8
Open Ended
Describe the process by which carbohydrates from Waffles' breakfast are digested
9
Multiple Choice
Which one is NOT a potential fate of glucose in the hepatocytes?
Converted to glycogen
Stored as VLDL
Converted to TAG
Oxidised for energy
10
Multiple Choice
Where does the glucose that does not enter the liver go?
It is directed to the red blood cells
It is directed to the brain
It is excreted via the kidneys
It enters general circulation
11
Multiple Choice
True or False: "Adipose cells can metabolise glucose into Acetyl CoA which can be turned into fat and stored"
True
False
12
13
Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blank: Dietary lipid is packaged into
14
Multiple Select
Which of the following statements about lipid metabolism are correct?
[Multiple answers]
Excess carbohydrate can be converted into TAG and exported as VLDL.
VLDLs are only formed from dietary lipids, not carbohydrates.
TAG is never exported out of the liver.
VLDLs contain protein, phospholipid, and cholesterol.
15
Multiple Choice
Where do the majority of VLDLs go when they are exported from the liver?
Travel through the lymph into the lacteals.
Stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerols.
Excreted through the kidneys.
Emulsified by bile in the gall bladder.
16
17
Multiple Choice
How long after breakfast will the chylomicrons begin to enter Waffles’ blood?
30-60 mins
1-2 hours
3-5 hours
5-8 hours
18
Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blank: Fatty acids are synthesised whenever an excess of
19
Multiple Choice
What is the major source of carbon for the synthesis of fatty acids?
dietary carbohydrate.
excess dietary protein
Organic matter
carbon containing vitamins
20
21
Open Ended
Name an enzyme which will break down the protein in Waffles breakfast.
22
Multiple Choice
Which one is not a potential fate for the protein in Waffles' diet?
Passed into circulation so tissues can synthesise new proteins.
Converted into energy via gluconeogenesis.
It generates energy via the cori cycle
Used by the liver for synthesis of new proteins.
23
Multiple Choice
After breakfast Waffles spends his morning in the house snoozing on the sofa.
What will maintain Waffles' blood glucose while he is snoozing?
The liver produces glucose via glycogenolysis.
The pancreatic islet cells release insulin.
Tissues store glucose, as either glycogen or fats.
The liver will produce glucose from non-carbohydrate compounds.
24
Multiple Choice
What will maintain Waffles' blood glucose once his hepatic glycogen store is depleted?
Adipose triacylglycerol
Skeletal muscle amino acids
Hepatic ketone bodies
Hepatic cori cycling
25
Multiple Choice
True or False: "The amino acids released from muscle can be either glucogenic or ketogenic"
True
False
26
Word Cloud
What protective process will happen as Waffles stays in the fasting state for a prolonged period?
27
28
Multiple Choice
Why has Waffles become overweight?
He is fed an inappropriate diet.
His energy intake is greater than his expenditure.
He has a high RER.
His metabolism is slow.
29
30
Open Ended
What is the dominant hormone in the fasted state?
31
Multiple Choice
True or False: "In the fasted state, glycogen is converted to glucose under the influence of glucagon"
True
False
32
Multiple Choice
How do Waffles' exercising muscles use glucose?
[multiple answers]
Converting glucose to lactate through glycolysis
Incomplete beta oxidation into pyrvuate
Complete carboxylation into oxaloacetate via krebs
Complete oxidiation via krebs into CO2 and H2O
33
Multiple Choice
Waffles runs flat out, his skeletal muscle is respiring anaerobically. What process will low O2 trigger in his muscles?
Glucose sparing
Gluconeogenesis
Cori cycling
Glycogenolysis
34
Multiple Choice
What happens in the Cori cycle?
Lactate is exported to the liver and coverted into ketone bodies
Lactate is oxidised into lactic acid
Lactate is oxidised into VLDLs
Lactate is exported to the liver, for conversion into pyruvate then glucose
35
Multiple Choice
Why can't the Cori cycle continue indefinitely?
The muscles will fill with lactic acid
There is a net loss of ATP
Glucose sparing will inhibit its function
There is limited oxaloacetate
36
Multiple Choice
In the fasted state, adipose TAG is broken into which compounds to be used by muscle and the liver as energy sources?
Lactate & glycerol
Alanine & glutamine
Pyruvate & lactate
Glycerol & fatty acids
37
Multiple Choice
What happens to the glycerol component?
It is used for gluconeogenesis
It is converted into urea via the kidneys
It is converted into ketone bodies
It can directly enter krebs
38
Multiple Choice
What happens to the fatty acid component?
oxidative phosphorylation
Beta-oxidation
Carboxylation
Glycosylation
39
Multiple Choice
ß-oxidation is partial oxidation, which energy substrate does it create?
Acetoacetone
Betahydroxybuterate
Oxaloacetate
Acetyl CoA
40
Fill in the Blanks
Fatty acids are considered fully oxidised once this has happened to the Acetyl CoA...
41
Multiple Choice
True or False: "Amino acids cannot be used as a substrate for gluconeogenesis".
True
False
42
Multiple Choice
True or False: "At this stage, gluconeogenesis is the only source of blood glucose".
True
False
43
Multiple Choice
As Waffles continues to fast, which will become main substrate for gluconeogenesis?
TAG from adipose
Glucose from lactate conversion.
protein from skeletal muscles.
All three.
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45
46
Multiple Choice
What condition will this help Waffles protect against during prolonged fasting?
Ketosis
Keto-acidosis
Diabetes mellitis
Metabolic myopathy
47
Multiple Choice
True or False: "Waffles' brain is not able to use ketone bodies as a source of energy during prolonged fasting"
True
False
48
Fill in the Blanks
Which of Waffles' cells can only use glucose as an energy substrate?
49
Multiple Choice
True or False: "Red blood cells can only use anaerobic glycolysis to create energy".
True
False
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51
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