ESS.5.1.2: Interpreting Weather Data & Conditions

​Meteorologists are scientists who study the weather. They use weather data to help predict storms, temperature changes, and other weather events. Some of the most important clues come from air pressure, cloud types, and weather fronts. Air pressure is measured with a tool called a barometer. When the barometer shows falling air pressure, it usually means stormy or rainy weather is coming. Rising air pressure often means the weather will be clear and calm.

​Clouds also help us understand what kind of weather to expect. There are several types of clouds: Cumulus clouds are white and fluffy with flat bottoms. They often appear on sunny days and usually do not bring rain. Stratus clouds form in flat, gray layers that can cover the whole sky. These clouds often bring light rain or drizzle. Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy. They form high in the sky and usually mean fair weather, but they can also be a sign that a change in weather is coming. Cumulonimbus clouds are large, tall clouds that grow vertically. These storm clouds can bring heavy rain, thunder, lightning, and even tornadoes.

​Weather maps use symbols to show important weather features: A cold front is shown with a blue line and triangles pointing in the direction the cold air is moving. A warm front is shown with a red line and half circles, which point toward the direction the warm air is moving. High-pressure systems are marked with a blue "H" and usually bring dry, clear weather. Low-pressure systems are marked with a red "L" and often bring clouds and precipitation. By looking at air pressure, cloud types, and weather fronts on a map, meteorologists can interpret weather conditions and make predictions to help keep people safe and informed.