Acids & Bases Review

Water breaks into ions
H₂O --> H⁺ + OH^-

Acids have more H⁺ ions
Bases have more OH^- ions
Neutral have equal amount of both

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Acid or base?

Acids have a pH of less than 7
Other characteristics include sour taste, reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas, conduct electricity

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Characteristics of acids

Acids have a pH of greater than 7
Other characteristics include bitter taste, slippery feeling, conduct electricity

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Characteristics of bases

Acids release H⁺ in solution
Bases release OH^- in solution

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Arrhenius acids & bases

Acid - a substance that can donate an H⁺ (proton)
Base - a substance that can accept an H⁺ (proton)

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Bronsted Lowry Acid and Base

Conjugate Acid - formed from a base by addition of an H⁺ (proton)
Conjugate Base - formed from an acid by loss of an H⁺ (proton)

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Conjugate acid and base

Strong acids and bases ionize COMPLETELY in solution
Weak acids and bases DO NOT ionize completely in solution

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Weak vs strong acids & bases

Measure of the strength of acids and bases
pH = power of hydrogen
Determined by concentration of H⁺ ions

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pH scale

Measures strength of OH^-
pH + pOH = 14

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pOH scale

Reactions between an acid and a base that eliminate acid/base properties
Acid + Base --> Salt + H₂O

Always neutralize using a strong acid or base

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Neutralization