​Bacteria and Archaea are both Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
Eukarya are Eukaryotes (have a nucleus)

• Eukarya- Organisms with a nucleus

• Have a complex cell structure

Eukarya

​Eukarya

Characteristics of Eukarya

Nucleus

​Many Multicellular

​Many Macroscopic

Protista

​Biologists place organisms that do not fit into the other three kingdoms into Protista. Protists are common organisms in aquatic environments like ponds, streams, and oceans.

The kingdom Protista is like the junk drawer in your home.

• ​Almost all live in water.

• Most are small. Many are unicellular but not all.

• Most can move using specialized structures.

• Some make their own food (autotrophs), while some eat their food (heterotrophs).

• Some have cell walls, while some lack cell walls,

​volvox

Plantae

Plantae include tiny plants like duckweed and enormous plants like redwood trees. Plants are the basis of food chains in ecosystems and provide the oxygen you breathe.

• All plants have cell walls.

• All plants are multicellular and macroscopic.

• Plants do not move from one place to another.

• Nearly all plants produce their own food using light energy through photosynthesis.

​Duckweed

Microscope time

Slide number 95: Cotton Stem, c.s.

Note the very regular shape of each cell and how they tend to line up in a neat pattern.

Fungi

More than one fungus are fungi. Fungi include organisms like mushrooms, mold, and lichens.

• Usually multicellular and macroscopic.

• Cannot move from place to place.

• Have cell walls to provide support and protection to their cells

• Obtain energy from living or dead organisms

​Most of a mushroom is found underground or in decaying wood. The white, wispy substance is called mycelium.

Microscope time

Slide number 29: Lichen, sec

Lichen consists of algae cells living within a fungus. Try to find the two different types of cells.

Animalia

​From the microscopic tardigrade to the majestic blue whale, Animalia includes birds, fish, mammals, and insects. Humans are also part of the Animalia kingdom.

• Lack cell walls

• Most animals are multicellular and macroscopic.

• Most animals can move from one place to another at some point in their life cycle.

• All animals gain energy by eating other organisms.

​Fish gills are specialized structures that remove oxygen from water.

Microscope time

Slide number 6: Fresh Water Fish Gill, c.s.

Pay attention to how the shape of the cells provides lots of surface area for the gills to absorb oxygen.