AP Biology Enzymes

Cells create organized structures by taking in less organized starting materials (ie make proteins from amino acids). If this is true, how do cells not violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

In comparison to early life on Earth, organisms today are highly organized and complex. How does this increase in organization over time not violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

If it takes nearly 1000 years for the hydrolysis of sucrose, then how is it possible that cells do this each day without waiting 1000 years?

The common cold is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms include a cough, runny nose, and fever. a) Identify what happens to the body when it has a fever. b) Explain why having a fever is beneficial in fighting off the virus. c) Explain why having a long-term fever (3+ days) can be dangerous to the human body.

The human body needs vitamins to function properly. For example, a deficiency in vitamin B 12 leads to muscle weakness and fatigue because the body is unable to produce red blood cells. a) Explain how vitamins function in the body and why they are necessary.