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The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

• It describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to messenger RNA(mRNA) to protein.

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Protein synthesis

• Is a process of making proteins.

• Proteins are the EXECUTOR of cell life activities and are made up of amino acids.

• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

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​Types of RNA

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mRNA - carries genetic codes from DNA (nucleus) to ribosomes.

​rRNA - 80% of total RNA in the body, found in ribosomes.

​tRNA - transfers amino acids during protein synthesis.

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DNA Replication

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• Is similar to duplication.

• Two identical DNA molecules are produced.

Enzymes - molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reaction.

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• is an enzyme that unzips/separates the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases.

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Primase(the initializer) - an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers. These primers serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis.

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Polymerase(the builder) - ​an enzyme that replicates DNA to build a new strand.

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Ligase(the gluer) - ​an enzyme which connects two strands of DNA together.