Mechanisms/Viruses/Kingdoms Test Review

Viruses are NON-LIVING
No nucleus
No chloroplast
No ribosomes
DO have genetic material (nucleic acids)

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Virus

The capsid protects the virus (like a cell membrane)
The envelope protects the DNA (nucleic acids)
Glycoproteins help viruses attach to the host cell.

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Structure of viruses

Vaccines stimulate a response in the human immune system to fight off viruses.

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Purpose of Vaccines

• Multicellular

• Heterotroph

• Has a cell wall

• No chloroplast
  

​​Fungi

• Unicellular

• Heterotroph/Autotroph

• Does not have a cell wall

• Does not have chloroplast

Bacteria/Archae

• Multicellular

• Autotroph

• Has a cell wall

• Has chloroplast

Plantae

• Multicellular/Unicellular

• Heterotroph/Autotroph

• Some have a cell wall

• Some have chloroplast

Protista

Mechanism of Evolution that involves the movement of organism from one existing population to another

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Mechanism of Evolution that involves the reduction of genetic diversity due to a random chance such as natural disaster.

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Mechanism of Evolution that involves mutations occurring in a population. Mutations create an increased genetic diversity. Creates change in the population.

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​Type of speciation that prefers the middle or average genotype.
Ex. Female Robins typically produce anywhere from 1-10 offspring. Laying too few eggs runs the risk of them all getting eaten, and laying too many eggs results in malnourished offspring. Most Robins will produce 4-5 eggs.

Stabilizing Selection

​Type of speciation that prefers one of the extreme genotypes of a population.
Ex. Before the Industrial Revolution, trees were a light gray color. During the Industrial Revolution, many trees were covered with soot. Because of this change, light-colored peppered moths were preyed upon while dark-colored peppered moths survived.

Directional Selection

Cladograms or phylogenetic trees show common ancestry among seemingly unrelated organisms.

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Cladograms