TYPE OF TEXTS-DISKA

NARRATIVE

 Purpose:

To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story

 Generic Structure:

1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation (optional)

 Dominant Language Features:

1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged

RECOUNT

 Purpose:

To retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event

 Generic Structure:

1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation

 Dominant Language Features:

1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives

DESCRIPTIVE

 Purpose:

To describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.

 Dominant Generic Structure:

1. Identification
2. Description
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms

REPORT

 Purpose:

To presents information about something, as it is.
Generic Structure:
1. General classification
2. Description
Dominant Language Feature:
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense

EXPLANATION


Purpose:
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-
cultural phenomena.
Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing


Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION


Purpose:
To reveal the readers that something is the important case
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition

News Item

Purpose

To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or
important.

Generic Structure

Newsworthy event

Background events

Sources

Language Features

Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline.

Use material processes to retell the event ( in the text bellow, many of the material processes
are nominally).

Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.

Focus on circumstances ( e.g., mostly within qualifiers ).

Exposition / Hortatory

Purpose

To persuade the reader or listener that something should or shouldn’t be the case.

Generic Structure

Thesis

Arguments

Recommendation

Language features

Focus on generic human and non-human participants, except for speaker or writer
referring to self.

Using Mental processes : To stated what happens.

Using Relational processes : To stated what should or shouldn’t be.

Use of Simple Past Tense

Spoof

Purpose

To retell an event wit a humorous twist.

Generic Structure

Orientation

Event

Twist

Language Features

Focus on specific participants.

Use of material processes.

Circumstances of time and places.

Use of past tense.

Focus on temporal sequences

Discussion

Purpose

To present ( at least ) to point of view about an issue.

Generic Structure

Issue

Arguments for and against

Conclusion/Recommendation

Language Features

Focus on generic human and non-human participants.

Using Material processes. E.g. has produced, have developed. To feed.

Using Relational processes. E.g. Is, could have, cause, are.

Using Mental processes. E.g. feel.

Use of comparative : contrastive and consequential conjunctions.

Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (Abstractions)

Review

Purpose

To criticize (comment) an art work, event for a public audience. Such : work of art included movies, TV
shows, books, plays, opera, recording, exhibitions, concerts and ballets

Generic Structure

Orientation

Interpretative Recount

Evaluation

Evaluation Summation

Language Features

Focus on particular participants.

Direct expression of option through use of attitudinal epithets in nominal groups; qualitative attributes
and effective mental processes.

Use of elaborating and extending clause and group complex to package the information.

Use of metaphorical language ( e.g., the wit was there, dexterously ping panged to and fro …. ).