Domain 6: Module 31 PPT

•Learn how personality,
motivation and
emotions influence
our behavior.
•Explore various issues
of mental health.

Major Concepts

• Psychological disorder
• Maladaptive
• Unjustifiable
• Disturbing
• Atypical
• MUDA

Psychological disorder is a harmful dysfunction
in which thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing,
and atypical

Psychological Disorder

• An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors
• Destructive to oneself or others

Maladaptive

• Behavior which does not have a rational
basis

Unjustifiable

• A behavior which is troublesome to other people

Disturbing

• A behavior so different from other people’s
behavior that it violates a norm

• Norms are the rules established by a culture, of
accepted and expected
behaviors

• Norms can vary from culture to culture

Atypical

• A mnemonic device used to remember the four attributes of a psychological disorder
• Maladaptive
• Unjustifiable
• Disturbing
• Atypical

MUDA

Major Concepts

• Philippe Pinel
• Medical model
• Biopsychosocial model

• In ancient times, mental illness was usually
explained through a supernatural model; the
person was possessed or a sinner

• During the Middle Ages treatment methods were inhumane and cruel

Early Views of Mental Illness

Philippe Pinel was a French physician who worked
to reform the treatment of people with mental disorders

• Encouraged more humane treatment

Philippe Pinel

Medical model is the concept that mental diseases
have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured

• Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through
therapy

• Psychological disorders are similar to a physical illness

Medical Model

Bio-psycho-social model is a
contemporary perspective that
assumes biological, psychological,
and social factors combine to
interact to produce psychological
disorders
• Studies the influences of nature and nurture and their
interaction

Bio-Psycho-Social Model

• Bio – predisposition or hereditary susceptibility
to a disorder

• Psycho – one’s thoughts and thinking patterns
• Social – expectations and influence of culture

Bio-Psycho-Social Model

Major Concepts

• DSM-5
• The Un-DSM

• Psychology classifies disorders to:

• Describe the disorder
• Predict the future course of the disorder
• Treat the disorder appropriately
• Provide a springboard for research into the disorder’s causes

Classifying Mental Disorders

DSM-5 is the American Psychiatric
Association's Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, fifth edition; a widely
used system for classifying
psychological disorders
• Lists and describes all the currently accepted categories
of mental disorders

DSM-5

• Divides mental disorders into 16 major
categories
• Includes symptoms but not the causes of each disorder
• Has changed significantly since the first edition

DSM-5

DSM-5

• Character Strengths and Virtue: A Handbook and Classification

• 24 Strengths into 6 areas
• Wisdom and knowledge
• Courage (overcoming opposition)
• Humanity
• Justice
• Temperance
• Transcendence

The Un-DSM

Major Concepts

• Labeling stigmas

• Studies show a clear bias against people diagnosed with mental disorders

Labeling Stigmas

• Eight healthy people were admitted to a mental health center after complaining they heard voices
• Once admitted, the subject acted normally
• Remained in the center for 19 days

Rosenhan Study

• Many television shows portray the mentally ill as violent or criminal

• Most former patients are no more violent than the general population

Mental Health and the Media

Risk and Protective Factors