Properties of Acids

• Produces H⁺ ions in water

• pH lower than 7 (We will learn the pH scale)

• Taste sour

• Electrolytes
  

​DO NOT TASTE ACIDS IN THE LABORATORY!!
* Strong acids can dissolve through metals, teeth, and bone.

Acid Reactions

• Acids react with metals forming salt and Hydrogen gas

  • Acidic Corrosion (damage metals)

  • metal + acid ---> salt + Hydrogen

Properties of Bases

• Produces OH^- ions in water

• pH higher than 7

• Taste bitter

• Electrolytes

• Feel slippery or soapy
  

​DO NOT TASTE ACIDS IN THE LABORATORY!!
* Strong bases are just as dangerous as strong acids.

Lab Testing for Acids and Bases

• Litmus paper (pH)

  • Blue Acids turn red

  • Red Bases turn blue

• Chemical Indicators

  • Change color

• pH meter

  • Concentration of H⁺

Arrhenius Classification of Acids and Bases

• Acids: create H⁺ ions in a solution

  • Solutions with more H⁺ ions

• Bases: create OH^- ions in solution

Bronsted-Lowry Model

• Acids are proton donors (H⁺)

• Bases are proton acceptors

Acids and Bases can form conjugate (linked) pairs
*The acid donates the proton (becoming negative)
*The base gains a proton (becoming positive)

Acid-Base Reactions with Water

acid + H₂O = base + H₃O

H₂O + base = OH^- + acid

​Water can act as both an acid and a base, a process called autoionization

Conjugate Pairs

Neutralizing Reactions

• Strong acids and strong bases react to form a salt and water with a pH of 7.

  • a salt is an ionic compound that has a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH-.

• This kind of reaction always produces water and is known as a neutralization reaction