Description of ADHD Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children and often begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It may contribute to low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and difficulty at school or work.

Symptoms of ADHD

• Behavioral:

• Aggression

• Excitability

• Fidgeting

• Hyperactivity

• Impulsivity

• Irritability

• Lack of Restraint

• Persistent repetition of words or actions

• Unable to sit still, especially in calm or quiet surroundings

An estimated 8.7 million adults in the U.S. have ADHD. Approximately 2.6% (139.8 million) of adults worldwide have persistent ADHD from childhood

Rate of Occurence

• ADHD is oftern caused by a combination of factors:

• Genetics- ADHD tends to run in families

• Environmental factors- exposure to toxins during pregnancy or early hiildhood can contribute

• Neurological Factors- differences in brain structure and function

Causes of ADHD disorder

Based on evidence, the top 3 effective strategies include medication, parent-delivered behavior therapy, and teacher-delivered behavior therapy.

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Most popular treatments

Non-invasive brain stimulation, combined with cognitive training, could improve symptoms in children, according to new research led by the University of Surrey and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

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New breakthrough for adhd(2023)

Outcome of the last slide

After a 2 week program of brain stimulation, the study found that 55% of children showed great improvements in their symptoms. This was compared to 17% in the control group who received a placebo brain stimulation, during cognitive training.

Future research for adhd

Studies on epigenetics, neuroimaging, and non-pharmacologic interventions, will improve our understanding of ADHD.
Will ADHD be curable in the future?
The evidence to date suggests that there will be no single “cure” for ADHD. However, as our understanding improves, we will have better tools to diagnose, treat, and provide a better quality of life for individuals with ADHD

• Society of Clinical Psychology case study on a 29 year old Jen:

• Jen is about to be fired from her job. She is in a major fight with her husband because she is ready to have kids but she fears that she is "too disorganized to be a good mother."

• In the case study, Jen, has a hard time sitting still and shows difficulty with time management and organization

• Jen wants every task perfect and stresses if it's not exact

• She is very forgetful and anxious.

• Symptoms: Anxiety, Concentration Difficulties, Impulsivity, and Worry.

• Diagnoses: ADHD

Jens ADHD CASE STUDY

https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&sca_esv=cde25c42fe00d5a3&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS917US917&sxsrf=ACQVn085WG9ZF-_JALWE_VI7KJSNEpAAxQ:1711369294791&q=dory+adhd+clip&tbm=vid&source=lnms&prmd=ivsnmbtz&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfwpS3s4-FAxX3OFkFHTtgCwYQ0pQJegQIDxAB&biw=1366&bih=607&dpr=1#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:a3152a18,vid:mRUuIRWwOIY,st:0

VIdeo clip

Sources

https://www.forbes.com/health/mind/adhd-statistics/#:~:text=An%20estimated%208.7%20million%20adults,continued%20ADHD%20symptoms%20into%20adulthood.

https://www.adhd-information.com/adhd-causes.html

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/features/kf-national-treatment-profile-adhd-nsdata.html#:~:text=How%20Effective%20Are%20Different%20Types,and%20teacher%2Ddelivered%20behavior%20therapy.

https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/hope-children-adhd-new-study-finds-non-invasive-brain-stimulation-treatment-can-ease-symptoms#:~:text=Non%2Dinvasive%20brain%20stimulation%2C%20combined,the%20Hebrew%20University%20of%20Jerusalem.

https://fmf.cfpc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/S133451_Best-Practices-for-ADHD-Across-the-Lifespan.pdf
https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/succeeding-with-Adult-ADHD-second-edition-sample-chapter.pdf
AP Edition Psychology WITH Discovering Psyhcology by Philip G. Zimbardo, Robert L. Johnson, Ann L. Weber, Craig W. Gruber
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd#part_2293
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html#Treatments
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883
https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/exploring-adhd-with-science#:~:text=Trigeminal%20nerve%20stimulation%20(TNS)%20is,not%20taking%20prescription%20ADHD%20medications.
https://div12.org/case_study/jen-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/