Cardiovascular and Respiratory Review

Function
A.

To deliver oxygen & nutrients to cells and
tissues, while removing carbon dioxide
and other waste products from cells

Types of Circulation

1.Systemic Circulation - delivers blood to
all body cells and carries away waste
a.

Body/Heart loop

2.

Pulmonary Circulation - eliminates
carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood
(lung pathway)
a.

Heart/Lung loop

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

Structure of the Heart

● Location - Thoracic cavity,

medial to the lungs

● Distal end of the heart is

known as the apex

● Muscle is the myocardium

CK12 Reading

Structure of the Heart

●Coronary Arteries & Veins-
nourishes & drains the
myocardium (heart muscle)
itself

●Surrounded by the pericardium -
double walled sac that encloses the
heart

○Visceral & Parietal

○Pericardial cavity - contains fluid

The heart has 4 chambers:
A.

2 Atria (atrium)→ thin upper chambers that receive blood returning to the
heart through veins (receiving chambers)

B.

2 Ventricles → thick, muscular lower chambers. These pump blood OUT of
the heart through arteries (discharging chambers)

Structure of the Heart -Chambers

Right
Atrium

Right
Ventricle

Left
Atrium

Left
Ventricle

Includes: Arteries, veins, and capillaries
A.

Arteries - strong elastic vessels which
carry blood AWAY from the heart
a.

Smallest ones are arterioles,
which connect to capillaries

B.

Veins - thinner, less muscular vessels
which carry blood TOWARD the heart
a.

Smallest ones are venules, which
connect to capillaries

b.

Contain valves

C.

Capillaries - very thin, penetrate
nearly all tissues
a.

Critical function: allows exchange
of materials (oxygen & nutrients)
between blood and tissues

Blood Vessels

Respiratory

System

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS

1.Exchange gases

(oxygen and CO2)

What is causing the blood cells to

turn bright red?

Pharynx – behind the oral cavity, between the
nasal cavity and larynx (space, not a structure)

Epiglottis - this flap closes
when you swallow, preventing
food from going into the airway.

Heimlich maneuver - used to save
someone who is choking.

Larynx – enlargement at
the top of the trachea,
houses vocal cords

composed of muscles and
cartilage

- false vocal folds – close
airway during swallowing

- true vocal folds - produce
sound

GLOTTIS: part of the larynx
consisting of the vocal cords

Video of Vocalization

Trachea (windpipe)

- cylinder with stiff cartilage to keep it from collapsing
- Trachea leads to the BRONCHIAL TREE

Bronchioles have air sacs
called alveoli which are
connected to the circulatory
system via capillaries