Climate Basics
Presentation
•
Science
•
9th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Hard
+17
Standards-aligned
Tarra Conrad
Used 1+ times
FREE Resource
18 Slides • 14 Questions
1
Basics of Climate Dynamics
2
Instructions
●
Answer ALL questions as you go
●
Watch ALL embedded videos
●
We will not be going over this information in
class - so if you are unclear on a concept -
please come and see me
●
All information on this lesson will be covered
on your in class quiz
3
What Factors Affect Climate
Latitude
Areas closer to the equator
receive more direct solar
heating
Topography
Mountains, valleys, lakes,
and rivers can all influence
a region’s climate
4
Multiple Choice
Which latitude receives high angles of insolation year-round?
0o
45oN
90oN
60oN
5
What Factors Affect Climate
Altitude
Typically the farther you
are from sea level, the
cooler the climate
Proximity to large
water bodies
The high specific heat of water
dampen the temperature of the
seasons. ie: warmer in winter,
cooler in summer.
6
Multiple Choice
What is the relationship between altitude and temperature in our atmosphere?
The higher your altitude, the higher the temperature
The lower your altitude, the lower the temperature
The higher your altitude, the lower the temperature
Temperature and altitude are independent of each other
7
Wind/Water
Currents
01
8
Wind
Wind is the result of
“Convection”
Warm Air Rises because
it is LESS DENSE
9
Wind
●
Near the equator
○Warm air rises
○Water evaporates
●
As air cools
○Water condenses
and falls as rain
●
At 30 degrees N and S
○Colder, dry air sinks
10
Multiple Choice
When air is heated, its density ___________.
increases
decreases
remains the same
11
Multiple Choice
Air leaving the poles warms, becomes less dense, and rises forming smaller convection cells and creating areas of ____________ pressure.
high
low
12
Water
Types of Currents
●
Surface Currents -
driven by wind
●
Deep Ocean Currents -
driven by density
13
Water
Surface Currents
●
Affect regional
temperatures
●
Bring heated water and
air to different parts of
the world, affecting
local climates
14
Multiple Choice
Compared to cold water, hot water is generally _______.
less dense
denser
the same density
not affected by temperature
15
Multiple Choice
What is the primary force causing the formation of deep ocean currents?
gravity
sunlight
wind
heat
16
Multiple Choice
What affects the density of water?
Salt
Temperature
The seasons of the year
Both A and B
17
Multiple Choice
18
Gulf Stream Keeps Europe Warmer
●
Winnipeg, Canada
London, England
Dec. Average - 40-48 F
Dec. Average 5-18 F
19
Multiple Choice
20
Greenhouse Effect
and Gases
02
21
What is the Greenhouse Effect
22
Multiple Choice
What is the primary function of the greenhouse effect in Earth's atmosphere?
To cool the Earth's surface
To trap heat and warm the Earth's surface
To block sunlight from reaching the Earth
To increase the Earth's albedo
23
Multiple Choice
How do greenhouse gases contribute to global climate change?
By reflecting sunlight away from the Earth
By absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation
By increasing the Earth's albedo
By decreasing atmospheric pressure
24
Greenhouse Gases
Nitrous Oxide
256 x better at trapping heat
than carbon dioxide - Main
source agriculture - fertilizer
Carbon Dioxide
Most abundant of the
GHGs - Main sources are
transportation and
electricity production
Methane
26 x better at trapping heat
than carbon dioxide - Main
sources natural gas systems
and cattle digestion
25
Albedo and
Feedback Loops
03
26
Albedo
● The percentage of
light that reflects
from a surface
● Lighter surfaces
have HIGHER
albedo than darker
surfaces
27
Multiple Choice
Which type of surface would have the highest albedo effect?
Dark, Dull, and Rough
(Ex: Soil, Sand, and Water)
White, Shiny, and Smooth
(Ex: Clouds, Ice, and Snow)
28
Feedback Loops
● Positive Feedback Loop
○ Serves to increase the
effect of a change
● Negative Feedback Loop
○ Serves to reverse the
effect of a change
29
Positive Feedback Loops
● Warming planet
leads to melting
permafrost which
releases more
greenhouses gases
and INCREASES
temperature
30
Negative Feedback Loops
● Warming planet leads more evaporation and
clouds form. Clouds have higher albedo and
reflect light, which REDUCES temperature
31
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in Earth's systems?
The melting of polar ice reducing the Earth's albedo, leading to more warming
The growth of vegetation reducing atmospheric CO2 levels
The water cycle maintaining a balance of precipitation and evaporation
The formation of clouds reflecting sunlight back into space
32
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in Earth's systems?
Increased cloud cover reflecting more sunlight, cooling the Earth
Ocean acidification due to increased CO2 levels
Deforestation leading to increased atmospheric CO2
Melting permafrost releasing methane
Basics of Climate Dynamics
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