Roman Numerals, Time, and, Temperature PowerPoint

CONVERSION OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENTS
OF NUMBERS, TIME, AND TEMPERATURE

CHAPTER 3

1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LESSON 3.1: CONVERSION OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENTS
OF NUMBERS, TIME, AND TEMPERATURE

2

1. Convert between Arabic numerals and
Roman numerals.

2. Convert time between standard time and
military (or universal) time.

3. Convert temperature between Fahrenheit and
Celsius.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LESSON 3.1: CONVERSION OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENTS
OF NUMBERS, TIME, AND TEMPERATURE

2

1. Convert between Arabic numerals and
Roman numerals.

2. Convert time between standard time and
military (or universal) time.

3. Convert temperature between Fahrenheit and
Celsius.

ARABIC NUMERALS AND ROMAN NUMERALS

• Arabic numerals
• Everyday use
• Roman numerals
• Some present-day use
• Medical use

3

ROMAN NUMERALS

• SS = ½
• I = 1
• V = 5
• X = 10
• L = 50
• C = 100
• D = 500
• M = 1000

4

RULES FOR ROMAN NUMERALS

• When a numeral is repeated, its value is repeated.
• II = 2
• XXX = 30
• A numeral may not be repeated more than 3 times.
• 40 = XL not XXXX
• V, L, and D are never repeated.
• VV is incorrect because 10 = X
• LL is incorrect because 100 = C
• DD is incorrect because 1,000 = M

5

RULES FOR ROMAN NUMERALS

• When a smaller numeral is placed after a larger
numeral, it is added to the larger numeral.
• DC = 600 (500 + 100) LXVI = 66 (50 + 10 + 5 + 1)
• When a smaller numeral is placed before a larger
numeral, it is subtracted from the larger numeral.
• XL = 40 (50 – 10) XC = 90 (100 – 10)
• Never subtract more than one numeral.
• 8 = VIII not IIX

6

RULES FOR ROMAN NUMERALS

• V, D, and L are never subtracted.
• LC is not correct because 50 = L
• When subtracting, only use a numeral before the next two
higher-value numerals.
• Only use: I before V or X
• X before L or C
• C before D or M

7

CONVERTING ARABIC NUMERALS
TO ROMAN NUMERALS

• Arabic number 24
• Think of 24 as 20 (10 + 10) + 4 (5 − 1)
• 10 + 10 = XX
• 5 − 1 = IV
• Arabic 24 is Roman XXIV

8

CONVERTING ROMAN NUMERALS
TO ARABIC NUMERALS

• Roman numeral XLVII
• Think of XLVII as XL + VII
• XL = Subtract X (10) from L (50) = 40
• VII = Add 2 to 5 = 7
• Roman XLVII is Arabic 47

9

CONVERSION BETWEEN 12-HOUR AND
UNIVERSAL (MILITARY OR 24-HOUR) TIME
• Expressed in four digits starting at midnight
• Either 0000 or 2400
• No colon used!
• No am or pm used
• From 1 AM to 12:59 PM, numbers are same as standard time
• From 1 PM to 12:00 AM, add 12
• Pronounced in hundreds of hours
• 1 AM = 0100 or “zero one-hundred hours”
• 1 PM = 1300 or “thirteen hundred hours”
10

STANDARD TO UNIVERSAL TIME CONVERSION

• Standard time 6:15 PM
• In the AM, add 12 to the hour
• 6 + 12 = 18
• 6:15 PM = 1815 hours

11

CONVERSION BETWEEN FAHRENHEIT
AND CELSIUS TEMPERATURE
(SINGLE EQUATION FOR EITHER DIRECTION)

Formula Used in this class: 9C = 5F − 160

Convert 65° C to F°

9(65) = 5F + 160 add 160
585 + 160 / 5
• 745 = 5F

• 149° = F

Convert 96.5 F° to C

9C = 5(96.5) - 160

9C = 482.5 - 160

C = 322.5 / 9, divide each side by 9
C = 322.5/9
C = 35.8

12

QUESTIONS?

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