COMPOSITION

OF MATTER

Each State of Matter is defined by how their particles behave.

¹How close the molecules are to one another, and ²how quickly they move determine what state of matter a substance is in.

There are 4 states of matter.

1. solid

2. liquid

3. gas

4. plasma

Solid

In a solid, particles are packed tightly together so they don't move much, but are dense. The electrons of each particle are constantly in motion, giving the atoms a small vibration, but they are fixed in their position.

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Solids have a definite shape, as well as mass and volume, and do not conform to the shape of the container in which they are placed. 

Liquid

In a liquid, the particles are more loosely packed than in a solid, but closely enough that it is not easily compressible.

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The particles are able to flow around each other, giving the liquid an indefinite shape. Therefore, the liquid will conform to the shape of its container.

Gas

In a gas, the particles have a great deal of space between them, so they move easily, and have high kinetic energy (energy of movement).

Plasma

Plasma is not a common state of matter here on Earth, but it may be the most common state of matter in the universe. Stars are essentially superheated balls of plasma. 

Plasma consists of highly charged gas particles with extremely high kinetic energy (energy in motion).

Think of plasma as gas, with an electrical charge.

Review

Matter is anything that has mass, or takes up space.

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All matter is comprised of particles.

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Particles are constantly moving.

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Every substance can be a solid, liquid or gas, but at different temperatures.​

Types of matter

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures ​

A Puresubstance is a substance that cannot
be broken down into simpler parts and still
retain their properties. Pure substances
CANNOT be separated PHYSICALLY.

Pure Substances are one of two types: either
ELEMENTS or COMPOUNDS

Elements are pure substances in which all
atoms are the exact same.

Separated only by NUCLEAR FISSION

Found on the periodic table of elements

Ex – oxygen, gold, zinc

The same element, only it always appears in pairs.

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​Diatomic Elements

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​The 7 diatomic elements

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How to remember

Homogeneous mixture

• the components of the mixture are uniformly and evenly mixed throughout

• sample taken with the same mixture have the same composition

Compounds are substances with 2 or more elements
chemically combined (bonded) in a fixed proportion.

Ex – Water – H2O always has 2 molecules of
hydrogen and 1 molecule of oxygen

Ex – Table Salt – NaCl has one sodium to one
chlorine

Separated by CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Examples of Elements Examples of Compounds

• Helium
• Silver
• Gold
• Carbon
• Platinum
• Chlorine
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Aluminum
• Sodium

• NaCl (table salt)
• H2O (water)
• CaCO3 (chalk)
• SiO2 (glass)
• H2SO4 (battery acid)
• CO2 (carbon dioxide)
• NaClO (bleach)
• C6H12O6 (glucose)
• HCl (stomach acid)
• NaHCO3 (baking soda)

A mixture contains 2 or more substances that CAN
be physically separated 🡪 heating, distilling, cooling,
sorting, filtering.

2 Main types:
Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous

Types of Mixtures:
Homogeneous mixture – a mixture of different materials
that looks the same all the way through.

•Very small particles,
•No “chunks”

Ex - Apple juice, salt water, tomato soup, iced tea

Heterogeneous mixtures

• the components of the mixture are not uniformy mixed throughout

• sample taken with the sample mixture have different composition

Heterogeneous mixture – A mixture of

different materials that does NOT look the same
all the way through.

• Very Large Particles
• Has chunks in it

Ex – vegetable soup

Gas

A gas has no definite shape or volume. If unconfined, the particles of a gas will spread out indefinitely (forever). However, if confined, the gas will expand to fill its container.