Collapse of Soviet Union

The Collapse of the Soviet Union was when it dissolved on December 31, 1991.

The superpower was replaced by 15 independent countries:

Armenia,

Azerbaijan,

Belarus,

Estonia,

Georgia,

Kazakhstan,

​Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia,

Lithuania,

Moldova,

Russia,

Tajikistan,

Turkmenistan,

Ukraine,
Uzbekistan.

​The USSR did not cover the needs of the population. The foregoing led the USSR to economic decline, the loss of its economic strength. The weakening of this block originated for various reasons, what were the reasons?

1. Social control and lack of freedoms

​2. Products shortage

​3. Political corruption

​The freedom that they achieved through protests, movements and revolutions contributed to the final of the Soviet bloc and, therefore, to the Cold War.

What nations managed to free themselves from the influence of the USSR?

​Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia organized strong social movements to demand the freedom of their states. Lithuania left from the USSR in 1990, followed by Latvia and Estonia.

​The territory of Poland was the path which the USSR sent its troops to the East Germany but when the Wall was fallen, there were some Protests against socialism, led by the Solidarity Union.

​The first country of USSR was dominated in Europe was in Hungary, but in 1989, this country opened its borders, and started of a capitalist economy. and started adopted a democratic country.

​Czechoslovakia had sociopolitical movements such as the Prague Spring and the Velvet Revolution, against the Soviet control, finally two new countries were born:

1.czech Republic

2. Slovak republic

​In 1990, elections were called and Romania, like the rest of the Soviet bloc nations, began its transition towards a democratic system and an open economy.

​Balkan War (1991-2001). This war led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the birth of six independent republics: Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro.

​Perestroika was a reform to restructure of Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev launched the plan and stopped the military industry by redirecting its resources for better administration

Glasnost was a political reform in the last years of the Soviet Union that sought greater transparency and democratization.