peripheral nervous system

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- It connects the central nervous system

with all parts of the body

- It consist of a network of nerves that

are distributed all over the different
body parts, and include :

a) Cranial nerves
b) spinal nerves

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education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

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1) Cranial nerves:
- Number: 12 pairs connected to the brain
- Types: sensory and motors or mixed nerves

They are nerves that transmit the
nerve impulses from the receptor
organs to the brain and transmit
the stimulating orders from the

brain to the effector organs

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education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

learning.

Spinal nerves :

• Number: 31 pairs are connected to the spinal cord

• Types: mixed (sensory and motor)

• Spinal nerve roots: each spinal nerve has two roots

(dorsal and ventral)

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education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

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Nerves

Number

1) cervical

8 pairs that are connected with the
neck

2) Thoracic

12 pairs that are connected with the
chest

3) lumbar

5 pairs that are connected with
lumbar vertebrae

4) sacral

5 pairs that are connected with the
sacral vertebrae

5) Coccigeal

1 pair that is connected with coccyx

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education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

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P.O.C

Dorsal root

Ventral root

Structure:

Contains sensory nerve fibers

Contains motor nerve fibers

Function:

Transmits message (nerve impulse)
from the receptor organs to the spinal
cord and brain

Transmits message or stimulating orders
(nerve impulses) from the brain and spinal
cord to the responding (effector) organs,
such as muscles and glands

Our mission is to empower our students to utilize their potentials in a diverse and challenging world. We provide outstanding

education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

learning.

Our mission is to empower our students to utilize their potentials in a diverse and challenging world. We provide outstanding

education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

learning.

2

3

4

5

1

Reflex action (reflex arc)

Afferent

Sensory neuron

Efferent

Motor neuron

Receptor

Sense organ

Intermediate

Connector neuron

Effector

Responding organ

Our mission is to empower our students to utilize their potentials in a diverse and challenging world. We provide outstanding

education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

learning.

Reflex Arc (Reflex action)

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learning.

Autonomic nervous system

Function:
it regulates the different involuntary activities (that don’t
obey the human will), such as:

-Regulating the contraction movement of the cardiac
muscle and smooth (involuntary) muscles.

-Secretion of the body glands

Our mission is to empower our students to utilize their potentials in a diverse and challenging world. We provide outstanding

education for the mind, spirit and body using state-of-the-art methodologies while fostering intercultural awareness, and lifelong

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Effector organ

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous
system

eye

Dilation

Contraction

Salivary gland

Little saliva secretion

large secretion

Respiratory system

Dilation of bronchioles and
dec. secretion

Constriction of bronchioles
and inc. secretion

heart

Inc. heart beat

Dec. heart beat

Blood vessels

Vasoconstriction
(contraction)

Vasodilation (relaxation)