Types of RNA & Protein Synthesis Intro

TODAY!

Lesson Learning Intention:
In this lesson, you will learn …
The journey from DNA to Proteins and
what happens if there is mistakes along
the way.

Explain the difference
between Inherited &

Non-inherited

mutations.

Prior Knowledge:

Protein, Nucleic Acids

, Nucleus &
Ribosomes

Classify & Predict

the effects of Point

Mutations

Classify & Predict the
effects of Chromosomal
Mutations

SB2.a Construct an explanation of how the structures of DNA and RNA lead to the
expression of information within the cell via the processes of replication, transcription,
and translation.
SB2.b Construct an argument based on evidence to support the claim that inheritable
genetic variations may result from:
a.

new genetic combinations through meiosis (crossing over, nondisjunction);

b.

non-lethal errors occurring during replication (insertions, deletions, substitutions);
and/or

c.heritable mutations caused by environmental factors (radiation, chemicals, and
viruses).

Understand the

Central Dogma of

Biology

Protein
Synthesis

Learning Goal #1:
Understand the Central Dogma of Biology
a.

Prior Knowledge: Identify the building
blocks of proteins and the
structure/function of the nucleus &
ribosomes (rRNA)

b.

Describe the structure/function of the 3
types of RNA.

c.

Compare and contrast DNA & RNA
structures/functions.

d.

Summarize the steps to transcription
(function of mRNA)

e.

Summarize the steps of translation
(function of tRNA and rRNA)

f.

Correctly use the codon chart in the
process of translation.

g.

Predict the effect of protein synthesis on
an organism’s characteristics.

Take notes over the next several slides in
your notebook or a sheet of paper to later

add to your notebook.

take notes in notebook

RNA

•made of nucleotides
•Disposable copy of DNA
segment
•3 differences:

1. sugar= ribose
2. single stranded
3. instead of the base thymine

(T), RNA uses uracil
(U)

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Types of RNA

Before we look at the two stages of protein
synthesis, familiarize yourself with the three types of
RNA. Each shares the chemical and structural
features of RNA discussed earlier but differ in their
three-dimensional form and their role in the cell.

Protein Synthesis

•How exactly do all those letters in DNA code for
making a living thing?

• The short answer is that the code of letters in DNA is a

recipe to make proteins.

• Proteins form structures, enzymes, or other chemicals to

create the building blocks of organisms and maintain
homeostasis. When a cell needs to make a protein, say
the enzyme to digest lactose (the sugar in milk), it needs
to use/read the DNA code to make proteins.

• We call this process protein synthesis.

•Protein synthesis requires the use of DNA and all
three forms of RNA to read the code and make the
desired protein.This occurs in two steps:

• Transcription
• Translation

Be familiar with several different
models of the protein synthesis

process.

The next several slides with contain different examples of protein

synthesis models to analyze.

Classwork to Upload to

Google Classroom:

Create a Venn Diagram, Double Bubble, or

T-Chart that compares and contrasts

DNA & RNA