The Reformation part 2

Terms & Names

Indulgence Release from punishments due for a sin

Reformation 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches

Lutheran Member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

Protestant Member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation

Anglican Relating to the Church of England

​Terms & Names (continued)

Predestination Doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be saved

Calvinism Religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin

Theocracy Government controlled by religious leaders

Scientific Revolution New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question

Scientific method Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

​Terms & Names (continued)

Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory

Galileo Galilei Scientist who was forced by the Catholic Church to take back scientific ideas that contradicted the church’s view

Isaac Newton Scientist who discovered laws of motion and gravity

Robert Boyle Scientist considered to be the founder of modern chemistry

​Intellectual effects/impact of the Reformation:

●Individuals could interpret scripture if Bibles could be mass printed.

●Artistic effects/impact of the Reformation: The Catholic Church patronized artists who created works with religious themes.

●Economic effects/impact of the Reformation: The growing middle class and the spread of ideas and goods led to the growth of trade systems and trade cities.

Religious effects/impact of the Reformation:

●New Protestant denominations formed as splits (or schisms) occurred in Christianity.

●Religious wars broke out in Europe between Catholics and Protestants in many European nations.

●The Catholic Church launched a Counter Reformation to address concerns about the Catholic Church.

John Calvin: started a new protestant branch called Calvinism, which gained popularity and spread in England and Scotland. Calvinism asserted predestination, an all-knowing God, and believed the Church should influence the monarchy.

​What did Calvin teach?

Protestantism arose elsewhere in the 1530s under the leadership of John Calvin. Calvin taught that people are sinful by nature. He also taught predestination, the idea that God determines beforehand who will be saved. The religion based on Calvin’s teachings is called Calvinism. Calvin created a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland. It was government run by religious leaders. It had strict rules of behavior.

Protestants in Holland, France, and Switzerland adopted Calvin’s ideas. In France, his followers were called Huguenots. Conflict between them and Catholics often turned into violence. In 1572, mobs killed about 12,000 Huguenots.