Types of Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

❑ A type of reproduction in which the genetic material

from two different cells combine, producing an
offspring

❑ The cells that combine are called sex cells

❑ Female – egg

❑ Male – sperm

❑ Fertilization: an egg cell and a sperm cell join together

❑ A new cell is formed and is called a zygote

Advantages: Sexual Reproduction

❑ Diverse offspring: genetic variation among offspring

❑ Half of the DNA comes from mom

❑ Half of the DNA comes from dad

❑ Due to genetic variation, individuals within a

population have slight differences

❑ Plants – resist diseases

❑ Traits can develop to resist harsh environments

that allows an organism survive

Can adapt to changing environments

Disadvantages: Sexual Reproduction

❑ Takes time and Energy

❑

Organisms have to grown and develop until they
are old enough to produce sex cells

❑

Search and find a mate

❑

Searching can expose individuals to predators,
diseases, or harsh environmental conditions

❑

Fertilization cannot take place during pregnancy,
which can last as long as 2 years for some
mammals.

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

❑ One parent: organism produces

offspring without fertilization

❑ Uniform offspring:

❑ Because offspring inherit all of their

DNA from one parent, they are
genetically identical to each other
and to their parent

Binary Fission

❑ Binary Fission: Cell division in prokaryotes that forms two

genetically identical cells – usually prokaryotes

❑ DNA is copied

❑ The cell begins to grow longer, pulling the two copies

apart

❑ The cell membrane pinches inward in the middle of the

cell

❑ Cell splits to form two new uniform, identical offspring

❑ Examples: bacteria, Ecoli, pond critters

Budding: Asexual Reproduction

❑ Budding: a new organism grows by mitosis

and cell division on the body of its parent

❑ The bud, or offspring is identical to the

parent

❑ The bud, when large enough, can break

off of the parent and live on its own

❑ Offspring may remain attached and form

a colony

❑ Examples: Yeast, Hydra, cactus

Regeneration: Asexual Reproduction

❑ Regeneration: occurs when an offspring

grows from a piece of its parent.

❑ Producing new organisms: Sea Stars

❑ Sea urchins, sea cucumber,

sponges, and planarians

❑ Producing new body parts: Gecko

❑ Newts, tadpoles, crabs, hydra,

and zebra fish

Vegetative Propagation: Asexual

❑ Vegetative Propagation: uniform offspring

grow from a part of a parent plant

❑ Parent plants sends out runners

❑ Where the runner touches the ground, roots can

grow

❑ A new plant is produced even if the runner is

broken apart

❑ Each new plant is uniform and identical to the

parent.

❑ Examples: strawberries, potatoes, ivy, crabgrass