Quantifiers

"a" and "an" are used with singular countable nouns

There is a carrot on the table.

They need an onion for this dish.

"some" is used with countable and uncoutable noun in positive and polite sentences.

I have some apples for you.

The lady needs some milk in her coffee.

Would you like some tea?

"any" is used we countable and uncoutable nouns in negative sentences and questions.

I don't like any kind of soup.

Do you need any water?

"a few" is used with plural countable nouns

There are a few people in the meeting.

"a little" is used with uncountable nouns

There is a little coffee.

"a lot of" is used with countable and uncoutable nouns.

There is a lof of water.

There are a lof of cars.