OBJ 6.3 Polar Covalent Bonds versus Non-polar Covalent Bonds

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OBJ 6.3 Predict whether a bond will be polar or nonpolar covalent by comparing position on the periodic table

Types of Bonds

• Ionic bonds happen between a metal and a nonmetal when electrons are TRANSFERRED

• Covalent bonds occur between 2 non metals when electrons are SHARED

Covalent Bonds Share Electrons

• Non-polar covalent bonds share electrons equally

• Polar covalent bonds share electrons unequally

Non-polar Covalent Bonds Share Electrons Equally

• Between two identical non-metal elements

• Between a carbon and a hydrogen (C – H)

• Between a sulfur and a hydrogen ( S – H )

Polar Covalent Bonds Share Electrons Unequally

• Between any 2 different non-metals

• Except: C – H, S – H

What makes bonds share electrons equally or unequally?

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom while in a compound.

Simply: The desire for an atom to gain electrons

Electronegativity and Polarity

Polarity – the separation of electric charge

Usually due to the shifting of electrons

Can determine using difference in the two elements

electronegativity

Polarity

• Non-polar bonds have a small or no difference in polarity which causes

• Polar bonds have a larger difference in polarity

Think about covalent bonds as a game of tug of war

• A Nonpolar bonds is an evenly matched game of tug of war where both sides pull equally on the rope.

• A polar bond is an unevenly matched game of tug of war where one side pulls harder.