Reteach: Independent Clauses, Dependent Clauses, Fragments
Presentation
•
English
•
9th Grade
•
Medium
+1
Standards-aligned
Tamara Beam
Used 2+ times
FREE Resource
14 Slides • 26 Questions
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Let's review the similarities and differences between independent and dependent clauses...
Watch the short video on the next slide.
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Because Jerry received a ticket.
After Braden broke his leg playing football in the eighth grade.
When Ian drew his mother a portrait of her childhood home.
Dependent Clause
Jerry received a ticket.
Braden broke his leg playing football in the eighth grade.
Ian drew his mother a portrait of her childhood home.
Independent Clause
BOTH the independent and the dependent clauses have subjects and have verbs. In fact, the DEPENDENT CLAUSE could have been independent if it didn't start with a subordinating conjunction. That's it. That's really the only major difference between the two.
Once you add the subordinating conjunction, it becomes dependent on more information to make sense. The subordinating conjunction acts like "tape" to connect the dependent clause to another thought.
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The elm trees were green and higher than the houses.
Prepositional phrase
FIRST break down the sentence.
Subject
Verb
THEN ask yourself the questions:
Does it have a subject?
Does it have a verb?
Does it make sense because it is a complete thought?
If the answers to all these are YES, then it is either an independent or a dependent clause. Ask one more question to find out which one: Does it start with a subordinating conjunction?
If YES, it DOES start with a subordinating conjunction, then it is a dependent clause.
If NO, it is an independent clause.
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Multiple Choice
The elm trees were green and higher than the houses.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Of course it was an independent clause. Let's practice! Read the following group of words and decide if it is an independent clause or a dependent clause. Use your strategy!
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Multiple Choice
The gym is the biggest room in the school.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
Although Pedro is shorter than Carlos.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
10
Multiple Choice
Unless Tony's dog wins the prize.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
After the band leaves the stage.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
The auditorium quickly grew too noisy for me.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
Because he has a biology test on Tuesday.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
Luis will be practicing his solo for the national anthem in the studio.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
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Got it? Pretty much, a dependent clause is a "sentence" that starts with a subordinating clause. Be careful, though. Don't confuse a preposition that introduces a prepositional phrase with a subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause. What's the difference?
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Let's take the word "until." "Until" can function both as a preposition and a subordinating conjunction. What matters is what comes after it...
Until the morning
Until the morning comes
Acting like a preposition because ...
...this is only a noun and not a noun+verb that makes a complete thought
Functioning as a subordinating conjunction that will join another complete thought because...
...this is ...and this is a noun/subject a verb
and together they make a complete thought!
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Multiple Choice
After the rain
Prepositional phrase
Dependent Clause
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After the rain = prepositional phrase
Noun...no verb involved
Now, if we said: After the rain had ended
Noun/subject
verb
This would be a dependent clause because there is a subject and a verb.
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Multiple Choice
As much as he wanted to go.
Prepositional phrase
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
Before the game.
Prepositional phrase
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
Before the game started.
Prepositional phrase
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
When the concert starts.
Prepositional phrase
Dependent Clause
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Multiple Choice
Because of his temper.
Prepositional phrase
Dependent Clause
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Did you already think, "Prepositional phrases are fragments?"
Technically, they would be because they are missing a verb. If they had the verb, then they would be dependent clauses.
Any string of words that does not have both a subject and a verb that work together to make a complete thought is a fragment or a phrase. Phrases, though, such as prepositional phrases and verb phrases, usually are performing a function within the sentence. Fragments may almost be a complete sentence if only they had the part they were missing. Sometimes, though, it can just be a "junk" string of words.
Pay attention to the VERBS!!! Most of the time, the VERBS are the key to the sentence.
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As the team = prepositional phrase
As the team was celebrating = dependent clause As the team celebrating = fragment (missing part of a verb phrase that would make it a complete thought)
Let's practice...
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Multiple Choice
According to his report
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
Where he felt comfortable
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
As he catching his breath
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
In order that she will pass all her classes
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
On his way home
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
Till Jerry and Voncile coming home with their newest child
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
Besides her father and mother inviting her cousins
Prepositional phrase
Dependent clause
Fragment
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That was a tough one!
Besides her father and mother inviting her cousins
It starts out looking like a prepositional phrase but then it has a verb form...so it might be a dependent clause...but the verb form is incomplete. You cannot have just an -ing form of the verb acting as a complete verb phrase. -Ing verb forms must have a helping verb; otherwise, it isn't a verb. It's a something else that we will learn about soon.
Ready to finish up? Let's review ALL THE THINGS...
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Match
Belinda sang the choir for all four years during high school.
That they discovered it in the trash.
Henry examining the specimen under the microscope.
Around the school before the bell.
Independent clause
Dependent clause
Fragment
Prepositional phrase
Independent clause
Dependent clause
Fragment
Prepositional phrase
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Multiple Choice
After the game, the Harkness family took the team to Dairy Queen.
Independent clause
Dependent clause
Prepositional phrase
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
Now that he found his backpack at the back of the bus.
Independent clause
Dependent clause
Prepositional phrase
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
Watching the Jim Gaffigan special on Netflix.
Independent clause
Dependent clause
Prepositional phrase
Fragment
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Multiple Choice
Underneath his seat in the art room.
Independent clause
Dependent clause
Prepositional phrase
Fragment
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How'd you do? If you still feel "iffy" about your understanding, please come to tutorials for a one-on-one session BEFORE you retest.
Let's review the similarities and differences between independent and dependent clauses...
Watch the short video on the next slide.
Show answer
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