• Describe Piaget’s stages in your own words; and

• Match learning activities to the learners’ cognitive stage.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Intended Learning Outcome

The term cognition is derived from the latin word "cognoscere" which means "to know" or "to recognize" or "to conceptualize".

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Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Cognition

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

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Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Cognition

• The emergence of the ability to think and understand.

• It is the growing apprehension and adaptation to the physical and social environment​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Cognitive Development

• Schema

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

• Equilibration​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Key Concepts of Cognitive Development

• It is an individual‘s way to understand or create meaning about a thing experience.

• It refer to the cognitive structure by which

  individuals intellectually adapt too and organize environment.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Schema

My schema for Christmas includes:

• Christmas Tree

• Santa Claus

• Gift Giving

• Money​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Example of Schema

It is using an existing schema to deal with a new object of situation. The learner fits his new idea into what he already knows.

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Ex. A 2yr old child sees a man who is bald on the top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the side. To his father's horror, the toddler shout​s "clown.. clown!"

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Assimilation

This happen when the existing schema does not work and needs to be changed to deal with the new object or situation.

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Ex. In the clown incident, the father explained to his son that the man is not a clown.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Accommodation

Equilibration is achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.

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Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Equilibration

​Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

By: Jay Rupert L. Yasis

The term sensory motor focuses on the prominence of the senses and muscle movement through which the infant comes to learn, about him and the world.

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Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Sensory Motor Stage

(Birth - 2 years)​

This is the stage when a child who is initially reflexive in grasping, sucking and reaching becomes more organized in his movement and activity.

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Sensory Motor Stage

(Birth - 2 years)​

This is the ability of the child to know that and object still exists even when out of sight.

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Object Permanence

• Intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature.

• At this stage, the child can now make mental representations and is able to pretend the child is now ever closer to the use of symbols.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Pre-operational Stage

• Child begin to use symbols and language.

• It is divided into two substages (Preconceptual and Intuitive stage)​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Pre-operational Stage

The child only see his point of view and to assume that

everyone also has his same point of view.

​​Egocentrism

​Treating inanimate object as living one.

Animism

​The child only focus on one aspect of a thing or event.

Centration

The knowledge to quantify is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of the object.

​​Conservation

• This stage is characterized by the used of logic.

• This covers approximately the ages between 8 - 11 years or the elementary school years.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Concrete Operational Stage

• Decentering

• Reversibility

• Seriation

• Transitivity

• Conservation

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Concrete Operational Stage Key Features

The ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and

situations.

Decentering

​The child can now follow that certain operation

cannot be reversed

Reversibility

​The ability to order or arrange thins in a series based on one , dimension

such as weigh, volume or size.

Seriation

The knowledge to quantify is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of the object.

​​Conservation

• They can now solve in general ideas or specific problems and can educated guess.​

• The child thoughts become flexible and abstract.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Formal Operational Stage (12 - 15 yrs)

• The child's way of thinking is at its most advanced.

• It is characterized by hypothetical, analogical, and deductive reasoning.​

Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

Formal Operational Stage (12 - 15 yrs)