LNM.1: Ch.2 - LF I - III

LF I: Conjugation & Principal Parts

• Verbs in Latin belong to families known as conjugations.

  • Based on vowel in their most ba​sic form known as an infinitive.

  • There are four conjugations: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugation​

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Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

Verbs in the dictionary: General

amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum - to love

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• principal parts

  • represent a major, basic form

  • identifications & bases

  • most verbs have 4​

• each part = basic form for ID or constructions

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Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

Verbs in the dictionary: Principle Parts (PP)

amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum - to love

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1. amō = dictionary entry = 1st person singular present​ (I love)

2. amāre = present active infinitive (to love)

   1. ​conjugation ID

   2. present base

3. amāvī = 1st person singular perfect; perfect base (I loved)

4. amātum = supine/perfect passive participle (having been loved)​

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Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

Verbs in the dictionary: Conjugations

​1st conjugation: -āre

• amāre

• curāre

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2nd conjugation: -ēre​

• monēre

• vidēre​

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

​What's the point?

• similar tense formation patterns

• similar PP patterns

• ​conjugations 1 & 2: very similar

• conjugations 3​ & 4: very similar

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LF II: Person & Number

• Verbs in Latin have 5 standard characteristics:

  • person = who does it (point of view)

  • number = how many

  • tense = when

  • voice = aspect of subject

  • mood = how verb is used​

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Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

LF II: Person & Number

• Verbs in Latin have 5 standard characteristics:

  • person = who does it (point of view)

  • number = how many

  • tense = when

  • voice = aspect of subject

  • mood = how verb is used​

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Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

Verbs: Person & Number

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

LF III: Tense & Stem

• Verbs in Latin have 5 standard characteristics:

  • person = who does it (point of view)

  • number = how many

  • tense = when

  • voice = aspect of subject

  • mood = how verb is used​

​

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

LF III: Tense & Stem

• Verbs in Latin have 5 standard characteristics:

  • person = who does it (point of view)

  • number = how many

  • tense = when

  • voice = aspect of subject

  • mood = how verb is used​

​

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

Tense = time of the action

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Present Active Indicative

• happening now

• the ​subject does the verb

• the action indicates a real or likely action.​

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P.A.I = present stem ​+ personal endings

Verbs: Present Active Indicative Tense

Verbs: Present Active Indicative Tense

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

​Note: the linking vowel in the 1st conjugation get absorbed by the ō.

​amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum - to love

Verbs: Present Active Indicative Tense

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs

​Note: the linking vowel in the 2nd conjugation remains. You can tell that a 2nd conjugation verb is one by seeing "eō" in the 1st principal part.

videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum - to see

Verbs: Translating the Present Active Indicative

Latin I | Chapter 2

verbs, verbs, verbs