Weapons of WW1

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Technology was improving and the countries were starting to create better weapons to help them during the war.

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​New weapons used in WW1

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• ​U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany​.​

• ​The typical U-boat was 214 feet long, carried 35 men and 12 torpedoes, and could travel underwater for two hours at a time.​

• U-boats were most effectively used in an economic warfare role by cutting off access to weapons and supplies. U-boats also created naval blockades to stop enemy shipping.

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​U boats

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​U Boats

• One U-boat would shadow a convoy and summon others by radio, and then the group would attack, generally on the surface at night.​

• These tactics succeeded until radar came to the aid of the escorts​.

• ​The typical U-boat was 214 feet long, carried 35 men and 12 torpedoes, and could travel underwater for two hours at a time.

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The first major gas attack from the Germans to the Allied forces happened in Belgium on April 22, 1915.

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​Gas Warfare

​Gas Warfare Continued

• German forces shock Allied soldiers along the western front by firing more than 150 tons of lethal chlorine gas against two French colonial divisions at Ypres, Belgium.​

• ​Gas did not prove as decisive a weapon as was anticipated but it was effective in clearing enemy forward positions.

• ​As a result, anti-gas measures became increasingly sophisticated.

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The First World War brought about the first need for mass-produced gas masks on both sides because of the extensive use of chemical weapons.

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​Gas masks

Tanks were developed to be able to cross trenches, resist small-arms fire, travel over difficult terrain, carry supplies, and to capture fortified enemy positions.

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​Tanks

Tanks

• ​​British forces first used tanks during the Battle of the Somme in September 1916.

• They had a dramatic effect on German morale and proved effective in crossing trenches and wire entanglements, but they failed to break through the German lines.​

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Hiram Maxim, an American inventor, delivered the first automatic, portable machine gun in 1884, providing the template for the weapon that devastated the British at the Somme​

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The machine gun

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​Machine guns

• Fully automatic weapons that fired bullets rapidly, up to 450 to 600 rounds a minute.​

• Could be carried by a single soldier and fired a 47-round drum magazine​

• This killing machine only increased the heavy battlefield casualties which characterised the First World War.

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• The first commercial Zeppelin flight was in 1910.

• The first Zeppelin ZL-1 was made in a shed that floated on the surface of the lake so it could be aligned with the wind\

• During World War One, Zeppelins were used as bombers and scouts because ground artillery or airplanes of the time could not reach them if they flew high.

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