

Monetary Policy Basics
Presentation
•
Social Studies
•
9th - 12th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Medium
Ian Striz
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10 Slides • 17 Questions
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Monetary Policy Basics
By Ian Striz
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a monetary policy tool of the federal reserve?
Discount Rate
Reserve Requirement
Open Market Operations
Taxation
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Multiple Choice
According to the graph on the previous slide, what happened to the unemployment rate in 2020?
The unemployment rate increased
The unemployment rate decreased
The unemployment rate did not change
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Multiple Choice
A person who pours concrete for a living in Michigan, is out of work from November to March. Which type of unemployment is this?
Structural
Technological
Seasonal
Cyclical
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the unemployment rate increasing in 2020?
Technology was invented that replaced human workers
Outside forces caused an economic contraction
These are seasonal jobs (i.e. outdoor work in cold weather states) and it is out of season.
The industries these jobs were in no longer exist
Workers were temporarily unemployed while they switched jobs
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Multiple Choice
A person who is a cashier at McDonald's is laid off when the restaurant installs self-service kiosks. Which type of unemployment is this?
Structural
Technological
Seasonal
Cyclical
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Multiple Choice
For many reasons, the economy enters a recession. A person working as an accountant gets laid off from their workplace. 9 months later they get called back to work when the recession ends. Which type of unemployment is this?
Structural
Technological
Seasonal
Cyclical
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Multiple Choice
Best Buy and other retailers announce they will no longer stock and sell CDs and DVDs. As a result, a factory producing CDs and DVDs in Vietnam closes. Which type of unemployment is this?
Structural
Technological
Seasonal
Cyclical
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Multiple Choice
If the federal reserve were to try to fix this unemployment problem, which type of policy would they use?
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
Foreign Policy
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Multiple Select
Which TWO economic goals is the Federal Reserve mandated to try to achieve?
Economic Freedom
Economic Efficiency
Price Stability
Economic Growth
Full Employment
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Multiple Choice
Which type of monetary policy would be MOST likely to reduce the unemployment rate?
No change to the money supply
Decrease the money supply
Increase the money supply
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Inflation
Inflation is a measure of how much the overal price level in an economy is changing. This is calculated by looking at the prices of almost everything, and figuring out how much those prices have changed.
A typical goal for inflation in an economy like the United States is 2% to 3% inflation. Anything more than that suggests prices are climbing too fast.
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United States Inflation Rate 2019-2023
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Multiple Choice
According to the graph on the previous slide, what happened to the US Inflation rate between 2021 and 2022?
Inflation increased
Inflation decreased
Inflation stayed the same
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Causes of Inflation
Just like unemployment, there are a number of causes of inflation.
1. Excessive monetary growth - central banks allow money to grow too quickly.
2. Wage-Price Spiral, as wages increase, businesses pass on those costs to consumers in the form of higher prices.
3. Demand pull inflation - demand increases too quickly.
4. Cost-push - as non-labor costs increase, businesses pass on those costs to consumers.
5. Increasing corporate profit margins
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Multiple Choice
During the pandemic the US Government increased unemployment benefits and sent stimulus checks to households. How might this be a cause of inflation?
Wage-Price Spiral
Cost-Push
Demand-Pull
Excessive Monetary Growth
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Multiple Choice
After the pandemic, workers began successfully demanding higher wages from employers. How might this be a cause of inflation?
Wage-Price Spiral
Cost-Push
Demand-Pull
Excessive Monetary Growth
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Multiple Choice
During the pandemic, many factories in China temporarily closed. Manufacturers in other countries could not get parts from China to make their products. How might this be a cause of inflation?
Wage-Price Spiral
Cost-Push
Demand-Pull
Excessive Monetary Growth
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Multiple Choice
During the pandemic, the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low, close to zero. How might this be a cause of inflation?
Wage-Price Spiral
Cost-Push
Demand-Pull
Excessive Monetary Growth
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Multiple Choice
If the Federal Reserve were to try to decrease inflation, which monetary policy goal would be best?
Increase the money supply
Decrease the money supply
Keep the money supply the same
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Multiple Choice
Which monetary policy tool would best decrease the money supply to reduce inflation?
Increase the discount rate
Decrease the discount rate
Decrease the reserve requirement
Monetary Policy Basics
By Ian Striz
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