Atoms and Matter

• Matter is the substance that is all around us.

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What are the four types (phases) of matter?

What's Matter?

• ​Matter makes up all things in the universe.

• ​​Matter is all around us.

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• ​All matter is made up of small particles, called atoms.​

Answer: solid, liquid, gas, plasma

​What's an atom?

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Turn and talk​

2 minutes​

​What's an atom?

• The basic unit of matter is an atom​

• Atoms are the smallest units a pure substance can be reduced to.

• All atoms are fused inside of stars​ except for Hydrogen

​Inside an Atom

• Nucleus: The center of the atom

• ​Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus

• Neutrons: Neutral particles ​in the nucleus

• Electrons: Tiny negatively charged particles that zip around the ​nucleus in the electron cloud.

​Note: There are even smaller particles called quarks that make up protons and neutrons

The Atomic Theory and Bohr's Model​

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​Note: There has been several different models for the atom. Most modern middle school and high schools use Bohr's Model

• ​1913, Neils Bohr, developed a new model of the atom.

• Electrons are arranged in circular orbits around the nucleus.

• Patterned on the solar system and is known as the planetary model.

Atoms (continued)

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​Note: unlike atoms, molecules cannot be ionic.

• An atom w/ the same number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral.

• if the atoms have more or less electrons, it is called an ion.

• There are two types: ​cation (missing electrons) and Anion (extra electrons)

Elements

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​Note: The smallest element is Hydrogen, it has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons

• ​An atom is the smallest unit of a element.

• An atom has all the properties of that element

• all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons

• An Element's atomic number tells us home many protons the element has​