Intro to Muscles

- longest muscle fiber with striations

- long, cylindrical cells that attach to bone

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Skeletal Muscle

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-solely specific to the heart​

​​Cardiac Muscle

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​- consists of only endomysium

- no striations

-found on the walls of hollow organs

​​ Smooth Muscle

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​Epimysium- covers the skeletal muscle

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Perimysium- surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers(fascicle)

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Endomysium- ​surrounds a single muscle fiber (cell)

Convergent (B)

-converge to a single tendon

-triangular or fan shape

​Circular (A)

-arranged in a concentric ring

-surrounds external body openings​​

Parallel (D)

-runs parallel to the long axis of the muscle

-spindle shape with expanded belly​

Patterns of Fascicle arrangement​

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​- fascicles insert into only one side of the tendon

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Multipennate (G)

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- fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides to look like a feather​

Bipennate (F)​

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-multiple feathers like muscles together with the pointy side attach to a large tendon

Unipennate (E)​

​Smooth Muscle

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s​The longitudinal layer runs parallel to the long axis which when contract shortens the organ

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The circular layer runs the circumference which constricts the cavity of the organ ​

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Peristaltic movement in the stomach

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In the esophagus​

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​Peristaltic movement in the stomach

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In the esophagus​

Types of Smooth Muscle

Unitary Smooth Muscle

• also called visceral muscle because it is in the​ walls of hollow organs

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Multi-Unit Smooth Muscle

• smooth muscles in the large airways to the lungs and in large arteries, arrector pili muscles, and internal eye muscles to adjust pupil size, more similar to skeletal muscles in the terms of structure​

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How to name the muscles.​

Muscle location-named by the bone or body region ​

Muscle shape- named for distinctive shape ​

Muscle size

- large muscles are called maximus

-small= minimus

- long-longus

-short-brevis​

The direction of muscle fibers

-​rectus- straight

-transversus-right angles

-oblique - at a slant

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