​Find the chromosomes you will model with

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Discuss with your partner, what do you think the two different colors represent?

For this activity-

maternal (mom) chromosomes will be white paternal (dad) chromosomes will be blue

Key Vocabulary

Cells that have pairs of chromosomes (like the one you are using for this simulation) are called diploid (di=2). Chromosomes inherited by the parents are called homologous, because they contain the information for the same traits (homo- = same). The section on the DNA that codes for a specific trait is called a gene.

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​Genes and Alleles

For each gene there may be different actual sequence of bases, these different sequences (versions of a gene) are called alleles. Capital and lowercase letters are used to represent different sequences (dominant versions and recessive versions).

Let’s pretend the chromosomes you have at your table are Fred's chromosomes.

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Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are the same chromosome number. One comes from mom (maternal chromosome) and one comes from dad (paternal chromosome).

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Make homologous pairs of chromosome 3 and chromosome 12 at your desk.

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Ask Mrs. Peralta to come and check your work

(Do you have a chromosome 3 paired in different colors and chromosome 12 paired in different colors?...then you are correct!) **just don't attach them like they are sister chromatids- they are not exact copies of each other.

Genotype: the allelic combination of an organism (ex: the letters for each gene in each chromosome in the cell).

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If every gene will always have 2 alleles (one that came from mom and one that came from dad), identify the genotype of the following genes: 

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At the end of meiosis, the total number of chromosomes will be reduced in half. While the parent cell will start with a set of chromosomes from each parent, the resulting gametes may have a mix of each parent’s chromosomes. The gametes may contain more chromosomes from mom than dad. This is why your siblings will never be exactly the same as you. 

Choose the following chromosomes: maternal chromosome #3, paternal chromosome #12. These are going to represent a possible set of chromosomes found in a gamete after meiosis.

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STOP!

Ask Mrs. Peralta to come and check your work