Cell Structure/Function/Transport STAAR BLITZ

Cells:

Structure,
Function

and

Transport

Classifying Cells

Prokaryotic
Cells

Eukaryotic
Cells

Both

• No nuclear membrane around

its circular chromosome (DNA)

• No membrane-bound

organelles

• Single, circular chromosome

that lies in the cytoplasm

• Simpler and smaller in size

• Kingdoms: Eubacteria&

Archaebacteria

• Has a nuclear membrane around

its chromosomes (DNA)

• Has membrane-bound organelles
• Linear paired chromosomes that

lie in the nucleus

• Complex and larger in size

• Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi,

Plantae, & Animalia

DNA

Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

•In terms of location and number, how are the chromosomes (genetic
material) different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell Types

Cell Structures and Functions

1. Cell Wall -
Structure and support
(not found in animal cells)

4. Chloroplast
-Photosynthesis (not in
animal nor fungi cells)

12. Cytoplasm -
Jelly-like substance that
gives shape & fluidity for
movement within the cell

2. Cell Membrane -
Boundary & transport
in and out of cell

9. Nucleus -
Control center and encloses
DNA in eukaryotes.

Not Pictured:

Centrioles - Helps move chromosomes during mitosis (animal cells)
Cytoskeleton - Gives internal scaffolding and transport within cell

Lysosome - Contains enzymes that digest and recycle cellular materials

7. Ribosomes -
Protein synthesis; both
free-floating on RER

6. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum -
Transports materials
through out the cell

10. Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum -
Transports material and
synthesizes lipids

5. Vesicles -
Stores and transports
proteins

8. Mitochondria
-Synthesizes ATP

11. Golgi Apparatus -
Modifies, and packages
proteins for transport

3. Vacuole - Storage for
cells; large in plants for
water storage

•Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have ribosomes. What is
the function of ribosomes in all cells?

•In terms of organelles and other cellular structures, how are plant
cells different from animal cells?

Structures/Functions

Cell Membrane… phospholipid
bilayer
Functions

- to regulate what enters and exits a cell: selectively or semipermeable
- assists in cell communication
- maintains cell homeostasis
- serves as the boundary between internal and external environments

Outside Cell (facing
environment)

Hydrophilic Region

Hydrophobic Region

Hydrophilic Region

Inside Cell (facing cytoplasm)

•How does the structure of the cell membrane enable it to perform its
functions?

Cell Membrane

Cell Transport-The movement of molecules across the cell
membrane in order to maintain homeostasis, a balanced state of dynamic equilibrium.

Passive Transport

- The movement of molecules

with the gradient (from an
area of high to low
concentration)

- Does not require energy

Active Transport

- The movement of molecules

against the gradient (from an
area of low to high
concentration)

- Does require energy (ATP)

High

Concentration

Gradient

Low

Concentration

Gradient

Types of Transport

Active Transport - (low to high)
• Protein Pumps

- passing across the membrane through

a protein; i.e., Na-K Pump, minerals
moving into root systems

• Endocytosis

- Bulk movement into a cell

• Exocytosis

- Bulk movement out of a cell

Passive Transport - (high to low)
• Simple Diffusion

- passing across the membrane; i.e., CO2, O2

• Facilitated Diffusion

- passing across the membrane through a

carrier protein; i.e., glucose

• Osmosis

- Passing of water across the membrane

through aquaporins

Osmosis Outcomes

Hypotonic Solutions

Isotonic Solutions

Hypertonic Solutions

Cell swells &
either bursts
(animal) or
becomes
turgid (plants)

Cell shrinks
(crenates in
animals or
plasmolyzes
in plants

Cell remains
the same
size

Net water
movement
into the cell

Net water
movement
out of the
cell

No net
movement of
water –
dynamic
equilibrium

•Briefly describe types of passive and active transport and give an
example of molecules moved by each type.

•Describe what would happen to an animal cell and a plant cell if each
were dropped in the following solutions:

• Hypertonic (salty)
• Hypotonic (distilled water)

Transport & Solutions