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​Properties of matter

• ​Solids- particles are tightly packed, vibrate in place and have a definite volume and shape.

• ​Liquids- Particles are loose and can move, they have a definite volume, but not a definite shape.

• ​Gases- Particles are spread far and move easily, they have no definite shape or volume

• ​Plasma- particles are loose and can move like water, but have no definite shape or volume like gas and are electrically charged.

​Other properties of liquid

• ​surface tension- the pulling of molecules toward each other.

• ​viscosity- the resistance of flowing

Thermal energy and temperature​

• ​thermal energy - the total kinetic and potential energy of an object or substance

• ​temperature- the measure of kinetic energy of an object or substance, the faster the movement the higher the temperature. heat always flows form hotter objects to cooler objects.

The effects of pressure​

Pressure = Force/​Area, it is caused by gases pushing on a surface. The atmosphere (air around you) is constantly applying pressure to you. This pressure can also effect the boiling point of water. Places high in the atmosphere require a lower temperature to boil water.

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​Condensation

​This is when gas turns into a liquid.

​Takes place when gas cools down.

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​When you see gas, such as clouds, fog, or water vapor from a boiling pot, you are actually seeing tiny droplets of liquid that are suspended in air.

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​sublimation

​This is when solids don't melt, instead they turn directly into a gas. This is caused by the solids gaining so much energy so quickly, they cannot exist as a liquid.

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