Final Exam Preparation

Single circulatory system - Sea horse

Single circulatory system - Frog

Double circulatory system - Human

Double circulatory system - Aves

a diet lower in salt

a diet higher in cholesterol

strategies to reduce stress

lack of exercise

increases

decreases

They stick together and make fibres that make scabs (blood clots) that stop pathogens entering the blood or stop you bleeding to death.

They form your immune system and destroy pathogens.

They carry oxygen around the body attached to haemoglobin.

Engulf (surround) microbes and digest them.

Produce antibodies.

Release a toxin that kills pathogens.

a contaminated surface or food.

a disease-causing organism.

a transmissible disease.

a virus.

Long term

Short term

After the vaccination, the child produced memory cells.

The child had passive immunity against measles.

The measles virus contains antibodies.

The vaccination failed to protect the child against measles.

The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier.

The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure.

The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine.

The body will know how to fight off the pathogen quickly, because memory cells have been created after the first encounter.

TRUE

FALSE