Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon compounds.

​

​Carbon

• ​the backbone of biological molecules

• ​Carbon has 4 valence electrons (outer shell electrons)

• ​Allows for several types of covalent bonds.

• ​able to form chains

​

​

• ​able to form rings

• ​Monomers

  • ​small units that can join together to form polymers

• ​Polymers

  • ​large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers

• ​Monomers to polymers

  • ​monomers join together by dehydration sysnthesis

  • ​

• ​Carbohydrates

• ​Lipids

• ​Proteins

• ​Nucleic acids

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

  • ​O

• ​Monomer

  • ​C, H, O in a 1-2-1 ratio

​Carbohydrates

• ​Function(s)

  • ​energy

  • storage

  • structure

• ​Examples

  • ​glucose

  • ​starch

  • ​glycogen

• ​Function(s)

  • ​energy

  • ​storage

  • ​structure

• ​Examples

  • ​glucose

  • ​starch

  • ​glycogen

  • sucrose

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Monosaccharide

  • simple sugar

    glucose

• ​Unusual Information

• Disaccharide

  • 2 simple sugars

  • sucrose

• ​Unusual Information

• Polysaccharide

  • many simple sugars

  • starch/glycoge

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

• ​Monomer

  • ​Glycerol

    • ​3 Carbons

    • ​1 alcohol

    • ​3 fatty acid chain

• ​Function(s)

  • ​store energy

  • ​biological membranes

  • waterproof covering

  • ​hormones

  • ​structural support

• ​

• ​Examples

  • ​fats

  • ​oils

  • ​waxes

  • steroids

  • ​corn oil

  • ​hormones

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Saturated

  • Each C in fatty acid chain has single bond with another C

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Monounsaturated

  • Have 1 C in fatty acid chain with a double bond to another C

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Polyunsaturated

  • 2 or more C in fatty acid chain have double bond with another C

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

  • ​N

  • ​O

  • ​Phosphate (PO₄)

• ​Monomer

  • ​Nucleotides

    • ​5 carbon sugar

    • ​phosphate group

    • ​nitrogenous base

• ​Function(s)

  • ​store and transmit genetic information

  • ​biological membranes

  • blueprint for making proteins

• ​Examples

  • ​Deoxyribonucleic acid

    • ​DNA

  • RIbonucleic Acid

    • ​RNA

• ​Unusual Information

• ​in charge of characteristics of life

• ​at least 2 nucleotides combined by a covalent bonds

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

  • ​N

  • ​O

• ​Monomer

  • ​Amino Acids

    • ​Amino group (NH)

    • ​Carboxyl group (COOH)

    • ​H off central C

    • ​R-group

• ​Function(s)

  • ​controls rate of reactions for life processes

  • ​forms bones and muscles

• ​Function(s)

  • ​transports substances in / out of cells

  • helps fight diseases

• ​Examples

  • ​Collagen

  • Carotene

  • ​Enzymes

  • ​Hemoglobin

• ​Unusual Information

• ​more than 20 amino acids (aa) formed in nature

• ​bind to other aa by binding amino group to carboxyl group

• ​Unusual Information​

• ​form poly peptide chains

• ​Fold into complex shapes