Review of Redox Chemistry
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Chemistry
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University
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Luis Bello
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11 Slides • 8 Questions
1
Review of Redox Chemistry
by Luis Bello
2
Previous Class
16.1 Spontaneity
16.2 Entropy
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
16.4 Free Energy
3
Multiple Choice
4
Multiple Choice
5
Multiple Choice
Which of the following equations is the equation for calculating the work done by a gas in a piston?
W=Fd
W=PΔV
ΔV=Ad
A=πr2
6
Multiple Choice
A reaction has both positive ∆S° and ∆H° values. From this information alone, you can conclude that the reaction
can be spontaneous at any temperature.
cannot be spontaneous at high temperatures.
can be spontaneous only at low temperatures.
can be spontaneous only at high temperatures.
7
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not expected to have a value of zero at 25°C and 1 atm?
∆H°f for F2 (g)
∆G°f for Li(s)
S° for Fe(s)
∆H°f for Mg(s)
8
Multiple Choice
Consider this hypothetical reaction (at 375 K). The free energies in kJ/mol at this temperature are given below each substance in parentheses. What is the value of Gibbs free energy for the reaction at this temperature? Is the reaction spontaneous?
-300.0 kJ; spontaneous
0.00 kJ; at equilibrium
300.0 kJ; non-spontaneous
600.0 kJ; non-spontaneous
9
Multiple Choice
A certain non-spontaneous reaction has ∆H of 12.3 kJ and a ∆S of 42 J/K. At approximately what temperature would the reaction become spontaneous?
-20°C
0°C
20°C
100°C
10
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true when ice melts?
∆H<0 ∆S<0
∆H=0 ∆S=0
∆H<0 ∆S>0
∆H>0 ∆S>0
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Redox Chemistry
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe defining traits of redox chemistry
Identify the oxidant and reductant of a redox reaction
Balance chemical equations for redox reactions using the half-reaction method
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Oxidation Numbers
By definition, a redox reaction is one that entails changes in oxidation number (or oxidation state) for one or more of the elements involved.
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14
There are 2 methods
1- Oxidation numbers
2- Half-reaction method
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Balancing using the oxidation number
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half-reaction method
Write skeletal equations for the oxidation and reduction half-reactions.
Balance each half-reaction for all elements except H and O.
Balance each half-reaction for O by adding H2O.
Balance each half-reaction for H by adding H+.
Balance each half-reaction for charge by adding electrons.
If necessary, multiply one or both half-reactions so that the number of electrons consumed in one is equal to the number produced in the other.
Add the two half-reactions and simplify.
If the reaction takes place in a basic medium, add OH− ions the equation obtained in step 7 to neutralize the H+ ions (add in equal numbers to both sides of the equation) and simplify.
17
Balancing Equations for Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions
Write the balanced equation representing reaction between solid copper and nitric acid to yield aqueous copper(II) ions and nitrogen monoxide gas.
18
Balancing Equations for Redox Reactions in Basic Solutions
Write the balanced equation representing reaction between aqueous permanganate ion,MnO4−, and solid chromium(III) hydroxide, Cr(OH)3, to yield solid manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2, and aqueous chromate ion,CrO42−CrO42−The reaction takes place in a basic solution.
19
Review of Redox Chemistry
by Luis Bello
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