Adaptations

​Adaptation is a change in structure, function, or behavior by which a species or individual improves its chance of survival in a specific environment.

There are three types of animal adaptations:

1. Structural/physical

2. Behavioural

3. Physiological

Prey animals have adaptations that make them hard to see, hard to catch or difficult to eat. They might have spines, hard shells, nasty tastes, or produce toxins. These adaptations put off most predators. Defenceless prey can hide underground or use camouflage to blend in with their surroundings. A few use colour to mimic more dangerous species.

​Prey animals have eyes on the sides of their heads (monocular vision) that helps them spot predators. Large ears also help, or a good sense of smell.

​Living in large groups makes life easier for prey. The predator will only catch one member - the slowest and weakest.

​Predators have different adaptations. Forward-facing eyes (binocular vision) help them locate and focus on their prey. Weapons are also useful, like a sharp beak, teeth, or claws. Predators can also use camouflage to avoid detection.

​In open spaces, speed is a useful adaptation. It can help predators catch their prey, and help prey avoid being eaten. Fast land animals usually have long legs and efficient lungs. Those that live in water have strong tail muscles. 

​The fastest animals have smooth streamlined shapes that narrow at both ends. In crowded forests speed is not so useful. Animals that live in trees need a good sense of balance and feet that can grip branches. 

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